2021年翻譯資格二級(jí)口譯考前沖刺題（十）

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Jealousy vs. Envy: What’s the Difference?

同樣表示“嫉妒” jealousy和envy 到底有啥不同?

When your partner tells you their ex, whom they haven’t seen in years, is coming to town, you graciously offer to host them for dinner. After hours of witnessing their obvious chemistry on full display, you start to feel a little ill at ease—which you’d most likely describe as jealousy, rather than envy.

如果你的伴侶告訴你，TA多年不見(jiàn)的前任途經(jīng)此地，于是你好心組了個(gè)飯局。在連續(xù)幾小時(shí)目睹他倆火花四射的化學(xué)反應(yīng)后，你開(kāi)始感到有點(diǎn)不安，你會(huì)將這種心理稱為jealousy而不是envy。

As Merriam-Webster explains, that’s because we usually use the word jealousy to describe the worry that someone is coming for what’s yours. Envy, on the other hand, refers to the opposite scenario: when you want something that belongs to someone else.

根據(jù)《韋氏詞典》的解釋，這是因?yàn)槲覀兺ǔ?huì)用jealousy這個(gè)詞來(lái)描述擔(dān)心某人搶走你的東西。而envy的意思正相反：你想要得到屬于別人的東西。

But it’s not quite that simple. For one thing, jealousy can also function as a synonym for envy. If your neighbor owns an extremely valuable Beanie Baby collection, and you famously love Beanie Babies, you might say you’re envious of your neighbor—or, you might say you’re jealous.

但是具體來(lái)說(shuō)又沒(méi)有這么簡(jiǎn)單。一方面，jealousy可以作為envy的同義詞。如果你的鄰居擁有一套特別珍貴的豆豆娃藏品，而你是出了名的喜歡豆豆娃，你可以說(shuō)你對(duì)鄰居感到envious，也可以說(shuō)感到j(luò)ealous。

Furthermore, as Psychology Today points out, jealousy is often accompanied by envy. Or rather, it’s envy that sometimes causes you to become jealous. Say, for example, your recently engaged best friend asks you to be her maid-of-honor. Over the course of several wedding-related events, you realize that your best friend seems to be favoring one of her bridesmaids—an exceptionally glamorous, wealthy, thoughtful, and seemingly perfect newer friend—over you. So you start to feel jealous. The reason for your jealousy, however, is because you envy this woman’s qualities, and you envy the attention she’s getting from your best friend.

另一方面，正如《今日心理學(xué)》雜志指出的，jealousy和envy往往相伴而生。或者可以說(shuō)，envy有時(shí)候會(huì)讓你產(chǎn)生jealousy。舉個(gè)例子，你剛訂婚的好友請(qǐng)你當(dāng)她的伴娘。在處理婚禮相關(guān)事務(wù)的過(guò)程中，你意識(shí)到你的好友似乎更喜歡另一個(gè)伴娘，一個(gè)魅力四射、富有又體貼、貌似很完美的新朋友。于是你開(kāi)始感到j(luò)ealousy。你感到j(luò)ealousy是因?yàn)槟銓?duì)這個(gè)女人擁有的特質(zhì)，以及她從你的好友那里獲得的關(guān)注感到envy。

In other words, jealousy is more readily associated with territoriality, rivalry, and/or betrayal than envy is. But if you unpack the situation a little, you might find envy there, too.

換言之，jealousy和領(lǐng)土意識(shí)、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、背叛的關(guān)聯(lián)度比envy更高。不過(guò)如果你稍微了解一下情況，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)其中也有envy的成分。

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