2017年職稱英語考試《衛(wèi)生類A級》練習題四

　　【摘要】目前備考2017年職稱英語考試的考生在循序漸進的進行中。環(huán)球網校為考生整理了“2017年職稱英語考試《衛(wèi)生類A級》練習題四”，希望備考2017年職稱英語考試的考生都能順利通關，更多資料敬請關注網校職稱英語考試頻道……

　　相關推薦：2017年職稱英語考試《綜合類》基礎語法匯總

　　Kidney Disease and Heart Disease Spur Each Other

　　Hearts and kidneys： If one's diseased, better keep a close eye on1 the other. Surprising new research shows kidney disease somehow speeds up heart disease well before it has ravaged the kidneys. And perhaps not so surprising, doctors have finally proven that heart disease can trigger kidney destruction, too.

　　The work，from two studies involving over 50,000 patients, promises to boost efforts to diagnose simmering kidney disease earlier. All it takes are urine and blood tests that cost less than $25, something proponents want to become as routine as cholesterol checks.2"The average patient knows their cholesterol，”says Dr. Peter McCuilough, preventive medicine chief at Michigan's William Beaumont Hospital. "The average patient has no idea of3 their kidney function. ”

　　Chronic kidney disease，or CKD，is a quiet epidemic ： Many of the 19 million Americans estimated to have it don't know they do. The kidneys lose their ability to filter waste out of the bloodstream so slowly that symptoms aren't obvious until the organs are very damaged.4 End-stage kidney failure is rising fast, with 400,000 people requiring dialysis or a transplant to survive, a toll that has doubled in each of the last two decades.5

　　And while CKD patients often are terrified of having to go on dialysis，the hard truth is that most will die of heart disease before their kidneys disintegrate to that point, something kidney specialists have recognized for several years but isn't widely known.6 Indeed, the new research is highlighted in this month's Archives of Internal Medicine with a call for doctors who care for heart patients to start rigorously checking out the kidneys，and for better care of early kidney disease.7

　　The link sounds logical. After all8，high blood pressure and diabetes are chief risk factors for both chronic kidney disease and heart attacks. But the link goes beyond9 those risk factors，stresses McCuilough： Once the kidneys begin to fail, something in turn10 accelerates heart disease, not just in the obviously sick or very old, but at what he calls "a shockingly early age. ” McCuilough and colleagues tracked more than 37,000 relatively young people 一 average age 53 — who volunteered for a kidney screening. Three markers of kidney function were checked:The rate at which kidneys filter blood, called the GFR or glomerular filtration rate11 ;levels of the protein albumin in the urine; and if they were anemic. They also were asked about previously diagnosed heart disease.

　　The odds of having heart disease rose steadily as each of the kidney markers worsened. More striking was the death data. At this age，few deaths are expected，and indeed just 191 people died during the study period. But those who had both CKD and known heart disease had a threefold

　　increased risk of death in a mere 2 years, mostly from heart problems. "This study is very much a wake-up call," McCullough says.

　　詞匯：

　　kidney / 丨kidni/ n.腎 spur /sp3i(r) / vt.刺激 ravage /'raevids/ v.蹂躪;破壞;毀掉 trigger /'trig^Cr)/激發(fā)，引起 destruction /di'strAkJon/ n.破壞;毀滅 simmer /丨sims(r)/ v.(用小火)慢慢地煮

　　(燉);(感情等)即將爆發(fā) proponent /prs'psunont/ n.提議者;支持者 cholesterol / ks'lestarDl/ n.膽固醇 epidemic /丨epi'demik/ adj.流行性的;n.流

　　行病;(流行病)流行 filter/'filt9(r)/t;.過濾，濾過,濾清 bloodstream / 丨blAdstriim/ n.血、流 dialysis /dai'aelisis/ n.透析 transplant /traens'plaint/ v.移植;n.移植;

　　移植物

　　toll /t^ul/ n.代價;損失;(事故等)傷亡人 數

　　terrify /'tenfai/ vt.嚇倒，嚇壞 disintegrate /dis'intigreit/ v.瓦解;蟲兌變 highlight /'hailait/ vt.使突出，使注意 archive /'arkaiv/ n.(常用復數)檔案;檔案

　　室

　　rigorously /'rigorosli/ adv.嚴格地 diabetes /,dai9'bi:ti:z/ n.糖尿病，多尿癥 shockingly /'/Dkigli/ adv.極度地，極端地 marker /'ma:k9(r)/ n.標示物 albumin /'aelbjumin/ n.清蛋白，白蛋白 anemic /a丨niimik/ adj.貧血的 odds /Ddz/ n.(單復數同形)可能性，機會

　　注釋：

　　1. keep a close eye on:密切地關注

　　2. All it takes are urine and blood tests that cost less than $25，something proponents want to become as routine as cholesterol checks.這種對緩慢形成的腎病的早期診斷所采取的全部措 施就是尿檢和血檢，其費用不足25美元，提出這項建議的人希望它能像膽固醇檢查那樣成為一種常規(guī)檢查。本句中，it takes是all的定語從句，something是urine and blood tests的 同位語，proponents want to become as routine as cholesterol checks 是 something 的金語從句。

　　3. have no idea of:沒有……的概念,不知道……

　　4. The kidneys lose their ability to filter waste out of the bloodstream so slowly that symptoms aren't obvious until the organs are very damaged.腎臟如此緩慢地喪失它從i流中—出廢物 的能力，以至于直到該器官受到嚴重損傷時才有明顯癥狀。not... until:直到……才……。

　　5. End-stage kidney failure is rising fast, with 400,000 people requiring dialysis or a transplant to survive, a toll that has doubled in each of the last two decades.終末期丨腎衰竭病人數目迅速 增加，有40萬人需要腎透析或腎移^[才能存話，這個數字在近20年中每10年翻一番。 end-stage kidney failure??終末期腎衰竭。a toll 是 400,000 people requiring dialysis or a transplant to survive 的同位語。

　　6. And while CKD patients often are terrified of having to go on dialysis, the hard truth is that most will die of heart disease before their kidneys disintegrate to that point, something kidney specialists have recognized for several years but isn't widely known.盡管慢性腎病患者常常 害怕不得不去做腎透析，但是嚴酷的事實是，大多數人在腎臟還沒有那么糟糕以前就死于心臟病，這一點腎病老師幾年前就已經知道，只是不被廣為人知而已。這里，something是

　　the hard truth is... to that point 這個句子的同位語，后面的 kidney specialists have recognized for several years but isn't widely known 則是 something 的定語從句，省略了關系代詞 that。

　　7. Indeed, the new research is highlighted in this month's Archives of Internal Medicine with a call for doctors who care for heart patients to start rigorously checking out the kidneys，and for better care of early kidney disease.其實，這項新的研究在本月的《內科檔案》雜志上就受到重視，該研 究號召為心臟病人治病的醫(yī)生要開始嚴格地檢查病人的腎臟，并要更好地關注早期腎病Q

　　她dici/ie:《內科檔案》。call for：要求，號召，提倡。check out:檢驗。

　　8. after all:畢竟

　　9. go beyond:超過

　　10. in turn:依次

　　11. glomerular /glD'merjub/ filtration rate (GFR)：腎小球濾過率

　　練習：

　　1. How can one learn earlier whether he or she suffer simmering kidney disease?

　　A By cholesterol checks. B By urine and blood tests.

　　C By keeping a close eye on one's kidneys. D By measuring the volume of urine output.

　　2. How many Americans suffer chronic kidney disease according to an estimation?

　　A 19,000,000. B 400,000.

　　C 50,000. 37,000.

2017年職稱英語考試復習重點句型匯總

2017年職稱英語考試題型分析

2017年職稱英語考試復習指導

2017年職稱英語考試備考經驗匯總

　　環(huán)球網校友情提示：本文整理"2017年職稱英語考試《衛(wèi)生類A級》練習題四"。如果您在此過程中遇到任何疑問，請登錄環(huán)球網校職稱英語頻道及職稱英語論壇，我們隨時與廣大考生朋友們一起交流!

　　【摘要】目前備考2017年職稱英語考試的考生在循序漸進的進行中。環(huán)球網校為考生整理了“2017年職稱英語考試《衛(wèi)生類A級》練習題四”，希望備考2017年職稱英語考試的考生都能順利通關，更多資料敬請關注網校職稱英語考試頻道……

　　相關推薦：2017年職稱英語考試《綜合類》基礎語法匯總

　　3. How many Americans suffered end-stage kidney failure and required dialysis or a transplant to survive twenty years ago according to an estimation?

　　A 400,000. B 300,000.

　　C 200,000. D 100,000.

　　4. What did the Archives of Internal Medicine call for doctors caring for heart patients to do?

　　A To examine their patients' heart function carefully. B To have their patients' chests X-rayed regularly.

　　C To select volunteers from their patients for a kidney screening. D To start rigorously checking out their patients' kidneys.

　　5. Which of the following is NOT one of the three markers of kidney function?

　　A Levels of the protein albumin in the urine.B Levels of the white blood cells in the blood.

　　C The rate at which kidneys filter blood. D Whether one is anemic or not.

　　答案與題解：

　　1、B第二段第一、二句說到，加速慢性腎病的診斷所使用的方法就是尿檢和血檢，故B項為正確答案。

　　2、A第▲段第一句說，在估計患有慢性腎病的1，900萬美國人中很多人不知道自己患此病， 可見A項是正確答案。

　　3、D第三段最后一句說，終末期腎衰竭病人數目迅速增加，有40萬人需要腎透析或腎移植才 能存活，這個數字在近20年中每10年翻一番。按此計算，10年前應為20萬人，20年前就應是10萬人，故正確答案應為D。

　　4、D第四段最后一句說到，《內科檔案》雜志號召為心臟病人治病的醫(yī)生要開始嚴格地檢查病人的腎臟，D項正是它要求做的事情。

　　5、B第五段倒數第二句列出了腎功能的三個標志物，選項C、A、D均包括在內，唯獨沒有B項，故B項是本題答案

　　譯文：

　　腎病和心臟病相互剌激

　　心臟和腎如果有一方感染上疾病，那一定要密切觀察另一方。新的研究令人驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)腎病早 在感染到腎之前會在一定程度上加速心臟病的發(fā)生?？赡懿粫谷烁械狡婀值氖牵t(yī)生們最終證明：心臟病同樣也會引起腎疾病的發(fā)生。

　　根據對50,000多名病人的研究，這種對緩慢形成的腎病的早期診斷采取的全部措施就是尿 檢和血檢，其費用不到25美元，提出這項建議的人希望它能像膽固醇檢查那樣成為一種常規(guī)檢查。 密歇根州William Beaumont醫(yī)院預防性醫(yī)藥部主任Peter McCuilough醫(yī)生說：“一般的病人都知道 他們自己的膽固醇，但并不了解他們的腎功能。”

　　慢性腎病是一種悄然的流行性疾病。估計1,900萬得此病的美國人中多數人并未意識到他們 已經感染上這種疾病。腎臟如此緩慢地喪失它從血流中濾出廢物的能力，以至于直到該器官受到嚴重損傷時才有明顯癥狀。終末期腎衰竭病人數目迅速增加,有40萬人需要腎透析或腎移植才能存活，這個數字在近20年中每10年翻一番。

　　盡管慢性腎病患者常常害怕不得不去做腎透析，但是嚴酷的事實是,大多數人在腎臟還沒有那 么糟以前就死于心臟病，這一點腎病老師幾年前就已經知道，只是并非廣為人知而已。其實,這項 新的研究在本月的《內科檔案》雜志上就受到重視，該研究號召為心臟病人治病的醫(yī)生要開始嚴格 地檢查病人的腎臟,并要更好地關注早期腎病。

　　這種關聯(lián)聽起來符合邏輯。畢竟，高血壓和糖尿病是得慢性腎病和心臟病的主要風險因素。但McCullough強調說，這種關聯(lián)超過了那些風險因素:一旦腎開始衰竭，就會加速心臟病的發(fā)作，這不 只發(fā)生在那些病情明顯或年紀很大的人身,上，而且是他認為“令人吃驚的較早的年齡”。McCul¬lough 和他的同事們跟蹤調查了 37,000名平均年齡為53歲的相對年輕的自愿接受腎檢測的人，檢查了三項標示腎功能的項目：腎過濾血液率，稱為腎小球濾過率;尿中白蛋白水平;以及是否貧血。 同時還詢問了是否曾經得過心臟病。

　　每項腎標示惡化，則得心臟病的幾率就會穩(wěn)步增加。更令人吃驚的是死亡率。盡管在這個年 齡，死亡率并不高，確實在研究期間僅有191人死亡，但是那些同時有慢性腎病和心臟病的人在兩年 半的時間里則有兩倍的死亡風險，而且大多數是由于心臟病造成的。McCullough說:“這項研究給人們敲了一個警鐘。”

　　環(huán)球網校職稱英語熱門套餐推薦：

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　　環(huán)球網校友情提示：本文整理"2017年職稱英語考試《衛(wèi)生類A級》練習題四"。如果您在此過程中遇到任何疑問，請登錄環(huán)球網校職稱英語頻道及職稱英語論壇，我們隨時與廣大考生朋友們一起交流!