2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)《理工B類(lèi)》模擬練習(xí)6

更新時(shí)間：2017-01-30 07:30:01 來(lái)源：環(huán)球網(wǎng)校

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　　【摘要】目前備考2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試的考生在循序漸進(jìn)的模擬中。環(huán)球網(wǎng)校為考生整理了“2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)《理工B類(lèi)》模擬練習(xí)6”，希望備考2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試的考生都能順利通關(guān)，更多資料敬請(qǐng)關(guān)注網(wǎng)校職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試頻道……

　　Plant Gas（環(huán)球網(wǎng)校分享的2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)《理工B類(lèi)》模擬練習(xí)）

　　Scientists have been studying natural sources of methane for decades but hadn't regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heldelberg, Germany. Now Keppler and his colleagues find that plants, from grasses to trees, may also be sources of the greenhouse gas. This is really surprising, because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free environment.

　　Previously, researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants to make significant amounts of the gas. They had assumed that microbes2 need to be in environments without oxygen to produce methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide. Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide trap heat in Earth's atmosphere and contribute to global warming.

　　In its experiments, Keppler's team used sealed chambers that contained the same concentration of oxygen that Earth's atmosphere has. They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants and dried plant material, such as fallen leaves.（環(huán)球網(wǎng)校分享的2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)《理工B類(lèi)》模擬練習(xí)）

　　With the dried plants, the researchers took measurement at temperatures ranging from 30 degrees Celsius to 70 degrees C. At 30 degrees C, they found, a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms of methane per hour. (One nanogram is a billionth of a gram.) With every 10-degree rise in temperature, the amount of methane released each hour roughly doubled.

　　Living plants growing at their normal temperatures released as much as 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour. Methane emissions tripled when living and dead plant was exposed to sunlight.

　　Because there was plenty of oxygen available, it's unlikely that the types of bacteria that normally make methane were involved. Experiments on plants that were grown in water rather than soil also resulted in methane emissions. That's another strong sign that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes.

　　The new finding is an "interesting observation," says Jennifer Y. King, a biogeochemist at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul3. Because some types of soil microbes consume methane, they may prevent plant-produced methane from reaching the atmosphere. Field tests will be needed to assess the plant's influence, she notes. (367 words)（環(huán)球網(wǎng)校分享的2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)《理工B類(lèi)》模擬練習(xí)）

　　41 that was scientists' understanding of methane?

　　A) It was produced from plants.

　　B) It was not a greenhouse gas.

　　C) It was produced in oxygen-free environments.

　　D) It traps more heat than any other greenhouse gas.

　　42 To test whether plants are a source of methane, the scientists created

　　A) a oxygen-free environment.

　　B) an environment with the same concentration of oxygen as the Earth has.

　　C) a carbon dioxide-free environment.

　　D) an environment filled with the greenhouse gas

　　43 hich statement is true of the methane emissions of plants in the experiment?

　　A) The lower the temperature, the higher the amount of methane emissions.

　　B) Living plants release less methane than dried plants at the same temperature.

　　C) When exposed to sunlight, plants stop releasing methane.

　　D) The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of methane emissions.

　　44 What of the following about methane is Not mentioned in the passage ?

　　A) Plants growing in soil release methane.（環(huán)球網(wǎng)校分享的2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)《理工B類(lèi)》模擬練習(xí)）

　　B) Plants growing in water release methane.

　　C) Soil microbes consume methane.

　　D) Microbes in plants produce methane.

　　45 What is the beneficial point of some microbes consuming plant-produced methane?

　　A) Methane becomes less poisonous.

　　B) methane is turned into a fertilizer.

　　C) Less methane reaches the atmosphere.

　　D) Air becomes cleaner……

　　參考答案：41 C　42 B　43 D　44 D　45 C

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2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試題型分析

2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)

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　　譯文：

　　植物，沼氣的又一來(lái)源（環(huán)球網(wǎng)校分享的2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)《理工B類(lèi)》模擬練習(xí)）

　　德國(guó)馬克思·普朗克核物理研究所地球化學(xué)家Frank Keppler提到，科學(xué)家已經(jīng)研究沼氣幾十年，但一直沒(méi)認(rèn)為植物能產(chǎn)生沼氣?，F(xiàn)在Keppler和同事們發(fā)現(xiàn)從草到樹(shù)的植物也可能是溫室氣體的來(lái)源。這的確是令人驚訝的，閱為大多數(shù)科學(xué)家認(rèn)為沼氣是在缺氧環(huán)境中產(chǎn)生的。

　　以前，研究人員認(rèn)為植物不可能產(chǎn)㈩大量的氣體。他們認(rèn)為微生物需要在無(wú)氧環(huán)境下生產(chǎn)沼氣。沼氣和二氧化碳一樣都是溫室氣體，它們?cè)诘厍虼髿庵形諢崃繉?dǎo)致全球變暖。

　　在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，Keppler一組使用內(nèi)含與地球大氣中同等密度氧的密閉室來(lái)測(cè)量從活植物和干植物如落葉中釋放的沼氣量。

　　研究人員測(cè)量干植物時(shí)溫度在30攝氏度到70攝氏度。3()攝氏度時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)一克干植物每小時(shí)釋放3微克沼氣(1微克是1克的十億分之一)。溫度每上升10度，每小時(shí)釋放的沼氣量約會(huì)增加一倍。

　　對(duì)于正常溫度下生長(zhǎng)的活植物，每一克植物組織每小時(shí)釋放出370微克的沼氣。當(dāng)活的或者死的植物暴露在陽(yáng)光下時(shí)，沼氣釋放量會(huì)增加兩倍。

　　由于有大量的氧氣，正常生產(chǎn)沼氣的細(xì)菌不可能加入。在對(duì)生長(zhǎng)在水中而不是土壤中的植物進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)也發(fā)現(xiàn)有沼氣釋放。這也表明氣體產(chǎn)生于植物而不是土壤微生物。

　　圣保羅明尼蘇達(dá)州大學(xué)：生物地球化學(xué)家Jennifer Y.King說(shuō)，這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)是一項(xiàng)“有趣的觀察記錄”。因?yàn)橐恍┩寥牢⑸锵恼託?，它們?huì)阻止植物產(chǎn)生的沼氣到達(dá)大氣中。Jennifer Y.King指出，需要對(duì)土地進(jìn)行測(cè)試以判定植物的影響。

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