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2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)《理工B類(lèi)》模擬練習(xí)1

更新時(shí)間:2017-01-22 11:22:43 來(lái)源:環(huán)球網(wǎng)校 瀏覽638收藏191
摘要   【摘要】目前備考2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試的考生在循序漸進(jìn)的模擬中。環(huán)球網(wǎng)校為考生整理了2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)《理工B類(lèi)》模擬練習(xí)1,希望備考2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試的考生都能順利通關(guān),更多資料敬請(qǐng)關(guān)注網(wǎng)校職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考

  【摘要】目前備考2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試的考生在循序漸進(jìn)的模擬中。環(huán)球網(wǎng)校為考生整理了“2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)《理工B類(lèi)》模擬練習(xí)1”,希望備考2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試的考生都能順利通關(guān),更多資料敬請(qǐng)關(guān)注網(wǎng)校職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試頻道……

  相關(guān)推薦:2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試?yán)砉類(lèi)補(bǔ)全短文練習(xí)匯總

  Eat to Live

  A meager diet may give you health and long life, but it's not much fun—and it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to1 most of that youthful vigor even if we don't start to diet until old age.

  Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse's liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation won't reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins2.

  Spindler's team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed3 for a month when they were 34 months old—equivalent to about 70 human years.

  The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production4—probably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes.

  “This is the first indication that thee effects kick in5 pretty quickly,” says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington, D. C.

  No one yet knows if calorie works in people as it does in mice, bus Spindler is hopeful. “There's attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,” he says.

  If it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, out bodies are les efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.

  But Spindler isn't sure the trade-off is worth it6. “The mice get less disease, they live longer but they're hungry,” he says. “Even seeing what a diet does, it's still hard to go to a restaurant and say: 'I can only eat half of that'.”

  Spindler hopes we soon won't need to diet at all. His company, Life Span Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.

  詞匯:

  meager ['mi:ɡə(r)] adj. 不足的

  youthful [''ju:θful] adj. 有青春活力的

  vigor ['vɪɡə(r)] n. 精力,活力

  metabolize [mə'tæbəlaiz] vt. 使(一種物質(zhì))進(jìn)入新陳代謝過(guò)程

  genetic [dӡɪ'netɪk] adj. 基因的

  rejuvenation [ri͵dӡu:və'nei∫ən] n. 恢復(fù)活力,返老還童

  liver ['livə] n. 肝臟

  toxin ['tɔksin] n. 毒素

  ration ['ræ∫ən] n. 定量

  calorie ['kæləri] n. 卡 (熱量的單位)

  inflammation [͵inflə'mei∫ən] n. 炎癥,發(fā)炎

  trade-off n. 交換,交易

  rejuvenate [ri'dӡu:vineit] vt. 使恢復(fù)活力

  注釋?zhuān)?/p>

  1. hang on to : 繼續(xù)保留。例如:You should hang on to that painting – it might be worth a lot of money one day. 你應(yīng)該繼續(xù)保留那幅畫(huà),或許有一天它會(huì)值很多錢(qián)。

  2. The genetic rejuvenation won’t reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins. 老鼠的肝部基因恢復(fù)活力不會(huì)逆轉(zhuǎn)老鼠在其他方面的老化,但卻有助于肝臟帶血藥物或除去毒素。 other damager caused by time 歲月造成的其他方面的破壞,即“其他方面的老化”。Metabolize drugs:代謝藥物,即“使藥物參與新陳代謝以提高藥效”。 get rid of :擺脫,除去。

  3. half-rations 和 half-feed: 都是指“老鼠飼料正常定量(normal diet)的一半”。

  4. free radical production:指“(有機(jī)體組織、器官等的)無(wú)限激增”。

  5. kick in :意為“開(kāi)始起作用”。如:We’re still waiting for the air conditioning to kick in :我們還在等著空調(diào)開(kāi)始起作用。

  6.be worth it : 意為“值得,有益”。例如:They are expensive, but they are worth it. 那些東西很貴,但劃得來(lái)。

  練習(xí):

  1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

  A. Eating less than usual might make us live longer.

  B. If we go on a diet when old, we may keep healthy.

  C. Dieting might not be needed.

  D. We have to begin dieting from childhood.

  2. Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2?

  A. To describe the influence of old age on mice.

  B. To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.

  C. To tell us how mice’s liver genes behave.

  D. To inform us of the process of metabolizing drugs.

  3. What can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage?

  A. They will not experience free radical production.

  B. They will experience more genetic rejuvenation in their lifetime.

  C. They have more old liver genes to behave like young genes.

  D. They are more likely to suffer from inflammation.

  4. According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?

  A. The mice that started dieting in old age.

  B. 27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes.

  C. Calorie restriction that works in people.

  D. Dieting that makes sure a drug is effective.

  5. According to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes that

  A. calorie restriction is very important to young people

  B. seeing the effect of a diet, people will eat less than normal.

  C. dieting is not a good method to give us health and a long life.

  D. drugs do not have the effects of calorie restriction.

2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)句型匯總

2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試題型分析

2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)

2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試備考經(jīng)驗(yàn)匯總

  環(huán)球網(wǎng)校友情提示:本文整理“2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)《理工B類(lèi)》模擬練習(xí)1”。如果您在此過(guò)程中遇到任何疑問(wèn),請(qǐng)登錄環(huán)球網(wǎng)校職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)頻道及職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)論壇,我們隨時(shí)與廣大考生朋友們一起交流!

  【摘要】目前備考2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試的考生在循序漸進(jìn)的模擬中。環(huán)球網(wǎng)校為考生整理了“2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)《理工B類(lèi)》模擬練習(xí)1”,希望備考2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試的考生都能順利通關(guān),更多資料敬請(qǐng)關(guān)注網(wǎng)校職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試頻道……

  相關(guān)推薦:2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試?yán)砉類(lèi)補(bǔ)全短文練習(xí)匯總

  答案與題解:

  1. D 第一段第一句講“節(jié)食可能不是非做不可的事”,第二句講“即使上了年紀(jì)再節(jié)食,我們?nèi)匀挥锌赡茉诤艽蟪潭壬媳3智啻夯盍?rdquo;,因此,“我們必須從小就開(kāi)始節(jié)食”是錯(cuò)誤的,D是答案。

  2. B 第二段體積“一只高齡老鼠”的時(shí)候,作者談到,“只要連續(xù)四周限制它僅是,它的肝臟基因就會(huì)變得和衰老前一樣充滿(mǎn)活力”。據(jù)此,“為了描述節(jié)食對(duì)老鼠所產(chǎn)生的影響”最好地回答了題干中的問(wèn)題。

  3. D 第四段提到,“正常飼養(yǎng)的老鼠隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)有46條肝臟基因會(huì)發(fā)生變化,這種變化與炎癥和身體組織無(wú)限激增相關(guān)”,因此,D正確。

  4. A 第四段最后一個(gè)句子講“但最驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)那些上了年紀(jì)才開(kāi)始節(jié)食的老鼠也能從70%的基因變化中受益”。“最驚人的”自然是“最令研究人員感興趣的”。

  5. C 文章的最后兩段談及Spindler 對(duì)節(jié)食的看法。首先,他不能肯定節(jié)食是否值得。其次,他希望在不久的將來(lái),我們不必解釋。所以我們可以退職,他認(rèn)為節(jié)食不是得以健康長(zhǎng)壽的好辦法。

  譯文:

  為了活著吃飯

  節(jié)食可能使你健康長(zhǎng)壽,但并不好玩——節(jié)食可能不是非做不可的事。即使上了年紀(jì)再節(jié)食,我們?nèi)匀挥锌赡茉诤艽蟪潭壬媳3智啻夯盍Α?/p>

  StephenSpindler和他在Riverside的加利福尼亞大學(xué)的同事們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn),一只高齡老鼠只要連續(xù)四周限制它進(jìn)食,它的某些肝臟基因就會(huì)變得和衰老前一樣充滿(mǎn)活力,老鼠的肝基因恢復(fù)活力不會(huì)逆轉(zhuǎn)老鼠在其他方面的老化,但卻有助于肝臟代謝藥物或除去毒素。

  Spindler的團(tuán)隊(duì)正常飼養(yǎng)三只老鼠直到它們死,而另外三只老鼠只喂正常飼料定量的一半。另外三只老鼠在34個(gè)月大的時(shí)候——相當(dāng)于人的70歲,從正常飼養(yǎng)轉(zhuǎn)到半量飼養(yǎng)一個(gè)月。

  研究者檢查了這些老鼠肝臟的11000個(gè)基因的活動(dòng),發(fā)現(xiàn)正常飼養(yǎng)的老鼠隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)有46條肝臟基因發(fā)生變化。這種變化與炎癥和身體組織無(wú)限激增相關(guān)——這大概對(duì)老鼠的健康來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)壞消息。在那些終生節(jié)食的老鼠中,這46條肝臟基因中的27條繼續(xù)像年輕的基因一樣活動(dòng),但最驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)是那些上了年紀(jì)才開(kāi)始節(jié)食的老鼠也能從70%的基因變化中受益。

  華盛頓附近的國(guó)家老年協(xié)會(huì)的HuberWarner說(shuō):“這是這些影響迅速起作用的第一個(gè)跡象。”

  還沒(méi)有知道熱量限制是否在人身上和在老鼠身上一樣起作用,但是Spindler懷有希望。他說(shuō):“有吸引人的證據(jù)表明它能起作用。”

  如果它確實(shí)能在人身上起作用,那就有足夠的理由使肝臟煥發(fā)青春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)。當(dāng)我們變老時(shí),我們的身體對(duì)藥物的新陳代謝就不那么高效。Spindler說(shuō)短期的節(jié)食足以使藥物充分發(fā)揮藥效。

  但是Spindler不能肯定節(jié)食是否值得。他說(shuō):“老鼠們病少了,活的更長(zhǎng),但是它們感到饑餓。即便明白節(jié)食的作用,仍舊很難在飯館里說(shuō)我只吃一半。”

  Spindler希望在不久的將來(lái),我們不必節(jié)食,他的公司,加利福尼亞壽命遺傳學(xué),正在尋找有熱量控制作用的藥物。

  環(huán)球網(wǎng)校職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)熱門(mén)套餐推薦:

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2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)句型匯總

2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試題型分析

2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)

2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試備考經(jīng)驗(yàn)匯總

  環(huán)球網(wǎng)校友情提示:本文整理“2017年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)《理工B類(lèi)》模擬練習(xí)1”。如果您在此過(guò)程中遇到任何疑問(wèn),請(qǐng)登錄環(huán)球網(wǎng)校職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)頻道及職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)論壇,我們隨時(shí)與廣大考生朋友們一起交流!

分享到: 編輯:劉洋

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