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職稱英語《綜合類》語法介紹:不定式

更新時間:2016-10-20 13:36:25 來源:環(huán)球網校 瀏覽61收藏30
摘要   【摘要】目前備考2017年職稱英語考試的考生在循序漸進的進行中。環(huán)球網校為考生整理了職稱英語《綜合類》語法介紹:不定式,希望備考2017年職稱英語考試的考生都能順利通關,更多資料敬請關注網校職稱英語考

  【摘要】目前備考2017年職稱英語考試的考生在循序漸進的進行中。環(huán)球網校為考生整理了“職稱英語《綜合類》語法介紹:不定式”,希望備考2017年職稱英語考試的考生都能順利通關,更多資料敬請關注網校職稱英語考試頻道……

  相關推薦:2017年職稱英語考試綜合類詞匯練習匯總

  相關背景知識介紹:

  非謂語動詞結構可以簡單地分為:不定式(to + V)、動名詞、分詞-ing和分詞-ed式。不同類型的非謂語動詞在句中起著不同的語法功能,而且它們也存在著語態(tài)和時態(tài)的變化。非謂語動詞結構在書面語中用的很多,如:A Thirsty World (2002年綜合B/C級閱讀理解考試題)

  In addition to stopping wasting precious water, one useful step we should take is to develop ways of reusing it. Experiments have already been done in this field, but only on a small scale.

  Today, in most large cities, water is used only once and it eventually returns to the sea (不是不定式結構)or runs into underground storage tanks. But it is possible to pipe water用管子輸送 that has been used to a purifying使純凈 plant (不是不定式結構).

  precious -- valuable 珍貴的

  小節(jié):

  1. 非謂語結構一定是由于前面結構的需要而出現;

  2. 不定式結構的構成是: to + v.;動名詞結構的構成是: v.ing

  3. 介詞和及物動詞的后面需要出現名詞或動名詞結構; 系動詞后面可以跟表示動作發(fā)生在將來的不定式結構。

  對于不定式結構具有名詞的性質這個特點, 建議大家可以記住這個句子: To err is human. 人非圣人孰能無過。

  l 動詞不定式:

 ?、?動詞不定式的形式

  1.動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞,在句中不能單獨作謂語,如to have, to work等。不定式符號“to”不是介詞,無詞義。不定式有一般、完成、進行等幾種常用的形式,也有主動和被支語態(tài)的區(qū)別。以study為例:

 

主動

被動

一般式

to study

to be studied

進行式

to be studying

 

完成式

to have studied

to have been studied

  2.不定式結構中的動詞仍然保持動詞的特征,可帶賓語或狀語,構成不定式短語。如:

  to do shopping

  to help them in their work

  to come back

  to live in

  a house to live in

  a colleague to work with

  3.不定式的否定形式是在不定式前面加not, never等,如:

  They told me not/never to open the window.

  4.不定式有時可直接與疑問詞連用,如what, when, where, which, whom, why, whether, how等。如:

  He didn’t know whether to wait or go home.

  He wanted to know how to handle such a problem.

  I am wondering which to choose.

  He asked when to leave for home.

  (handle –deal with處理)

  接下來我們以2005年綜合/理工/衛(wèi)生類考題中均出現了的一篇文章saving money /節(jié)約錢 為例, 來看在這篇文章中不定式結構是怎樣出現的, 這些不定式結構在它們所在句子中起的 語法功能:

  From saving money

  If you are saving to buy a CD(光盤) or go to a concert, then probably…

  (probably – possibly –likely大概,有可能)

  One place to save money is the bank. 定語

  Interest is the amount of money a bank pays you to use your money.

  Another way you can save money is to buy a certificate of deposit or CD.

  If you have some money you don’t need to use for a long time, this is a good way to make your money now.

  You agree not to use the money for a certain period of time.

  (use –utilize利用)

  (certain –some 某個)

  小節(jié):

  不定式結構能夠在句子中充當多種語法結構, 不定式結構語法功能的確定需要參照其前面的結構來確定. 如: 跟在行為動詞后面的不定式結構, 常常是充當狀語結構; 跟在名詞的后面作該名詞的定語;跟在及物動詞及介詞的后面充當它們的賓語。

 ?、虿欢ㄊ交虿欢ㄊ蕉陶Z的用法:

  不定式在句子中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和補足語。

  1.作主語

  不定式或不定式短語作主語時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數。如:

  To serve the people well is our duty.

  To get there on foot will take several hours.

  動詞不定式短語作主語時,往往放在謂語動詞的后面,用引導詞it作形式主語。上述兩句也可改為:

  It is our duty to serve the people well.

  It will take several hours to get there on foot.

  (take – need需要(多少時間等))

  類似這樣不定式做主語的句型:

  It is + n.+ to do

  It a\takes sb.+ some time + to do

  It is +adj.+ for sb.+ to do

  It is +adj.+ of sb.+ to do

  It is our duty to help them.

  It will take you quite a long time to finish it.

  (finish -- fulfill完成)

  It is easy for us to answer this question.

  It is kind of you to help me

  (help –aid 幫助)

  2.作表語

  在系動詞如be, seem, appear, feel, sound等之后,如:

  Your main task now is to improve the quality of the products.

  你們現在的主要任務是改進產品的質量。

  (improve – remedy 改進)

  He appears to have caught a cold.

  (catch – have – get (a cold) 感冒)

  有時be + 動詞不定式表示應當、打算、計劃做什么的意思。試比較:

  Peter is to arrive at seven this morning.

  彼特打算在今天早上七時抵達。

  (arrive at –reach –get to 抵達)

  Our plan is to finish the job at the end of next month.

  我們的計劃是在下月末干完這個活。(不定式短語作表語。“is”是“是”的意思)

  提示:

  當句子謂語部分結構是“be + 動詞不定式”時,如果主語與不定式結構中的動詞之間存在明顯的主謂關系,同時句子中通常會出現明顯的表示將來時間的時間狀語結構, 則“be + 動詞不定式”是用于表達“打算、計劃”做的事情,;否則, “be + 動詞不定式”的結構就是“主語 + 系動詞 + 表語的結構”。

  I am to take an interview tomorrow.

  My intention is just to help you. “is”是“是”的意思

  (intention –purpose 目的)

  3.作賓語

  有些及物動詞常用不定式作賓語,如:agree, begin, decide, desire, determine, expect, forget, hope, learn, like, love, mean, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, regret, remember, try, stop, want等。

  (begin –start 開始)

  (determine – decide – make up one’s mind 決定)

  (plan – intend 打算)

  (refuse – reject 拒絕)

  (try – attempt 試圖)

  (stop – cease -- end終止)

  They begin to write their papers.

  We have learnt to operate the computer.

  如果不定式作賓語而又跟有賓語補足語時,要用“it”作形式賓語,而將真正的賓語(即不定式)放到補足語后面去。如:

  We found it impossible to finish the work in such a short time.

  我們覺得不可能在這么短的時間完成這項工作。

  I consider it necessary to collect sufficient data for our research.

  我認為收集充分的資料對我們的研究工作是必要的。

  注意:forget, remember, stop這幾個詞后面既可以跟不定式結構也可以跟動名詞結構,但結構含義差別較大:

  forget to do../忘記要做。。

  forget doing/忘記做過。。

  remember to do../記住要做。。

  remember doing../記住做過。。

  stop to do../停下來去做。。

  stop doing…/停止做。。

  同時:want, need 這兩個動詞也是既可以跟不定式結構也可以跟動名詞結構,但跟動名詞結構時,是用“主動”表示“被動”。

  The house wants/needs painting. 房子需要油漆了

  4.作定語

  用來修飾名詞,位于被修飾名詞的后面。如:

  Promises to meet deadlines and appointment are taken very seriously.

  在規(guī)定日期前完成任務和按時赴約的承諾都是慎重對待的。

  (meet –satisfy 滿足)

  This is the best way to solve the problem.

  這是解決這個問題的最好辦法。

  There are a lot of sheets to mend.

  有許多床單要修補。

  注:

  ①常用不定式作定語的名詞有:ability, agreement, attempt, chance, claim, decision, determination, failure, freedom, hope, need, opportunity, plan, promise, refusal, way等;此外,序數詞the first, second以及l(fā)ast, only, best等也常用不定式作定語,如:

  Galileo was the first person to see mountains on the moon and sunspots on the sun.

  伽里略是看到月球上山脈和太陽黑子的第一人。

  He was the only one to realize the danger.

  他是唯一意識到危險的人。

  (ability – capability – capacity 能力 )

  (chance – opportunity 機會)

  (hope – wish 希望)

  (way – method 方法)

  ②用不定式作定語時,它與它修飾的詞有時是動賓關系(如上述第三個例句中的mend和sheets),如果不定式是不及物動詞,其后面應跟必要的介詞。如:

  Mary needs a friend to play with.

  瑪麗需要有一個與她一起玩的朋友。

  There is nothing to worry about.

  沒有什么值得發(fā)愁的。

  5.作狀語

  通常表示目的、結果、原因等。如:

  I have come to see you. 我來看你。(目的)

  In 1972 she left home never to return. 1972年她離開家再沒有回來。(結果)

  I am sorry to hear that. 我聽了很難過。(原因)

  注:

 ?、俨欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z,可以在句首,也可以在句末。有時為了強調可用so as to…(以便,為了)或in order to …(為了…目的)。

  Let’s hurry so as to catch the last bus.

  快點走以趕上末班公共汽車。

  All living things must eat in order to stay alive.

  一切生物為了生存都必須飲食。

  (stay –remain 保持)

  ②不定式作結果狀語可用so (such) … as to (這樣(的)…以至),too…to(太…以至不能),enough to (足夠,足以)等引出。如:

  The rain was so heavy as to make our picnic impossible.

  雨下得那么大,使得我們野餐不可能了。

  (impossible – unlikely 不可能的)

  This man is too lazy to succeed in business.

  這人太懶,事業(yè)上不能獲得成功。

  ③“be+形容詞+不定式”的結構中,不定式部分??醋魇菭钫Z,這些形容詞通常有:able, afraid, anxious, determined, eager, free, glad, pleased, ready, sorry, sure, willing等。

  (afraid – fearful 害怕的, 擔心的)

  (anxious – worried 憂慮的,擔心的)

  (eager – keen 渴望的)

  (glad –happy – pleased 高興的)

  (sure – certain 確實的, (對…)有信心)

2017年職稱英語考試復習重點句型匯總

2017年職稱英語考試題型分析

2017年職稱英語考試復習指導

2017年職稱英語考試備考經驗匯總

  環(huán)球網校友情提示:2017年職稱英語考試即將開始報名,本文整理“職稱英語《綜合類》語法介紹:不定式”。如果您在此過程中遇到任何疑問,請登錄環(huán)球網校職稱英語頻道及職稱英語論壇,我們隨時與廣大考生朋友們一起交流!

  【摘要】目前備考2017年職稱英語考試的考生在循序漸進的進行中。環(huán)球網校為考生整理了“職稱英語《綜合類》語法介紹:不定式”,希望備考2017年職稱英語考試的考生都能順利通關,更多資料敬請關注網校職稱英語考試頻道……

  相關推薦:2017年職稱英語考試綜合類詞匯練習匯總

  6.作補足語

  有賓語補足語和主語補足語兩種。

  1)作賓語補足語

  有一些及物動詞除跟賓語外,還需要有一個成分作邏輯上的補充說明,使得賓語的狀態(tài)或行為或特征等的意思完整。這個成分稱為補足語。由于說明賓語,因此稱賓語補足語。不定式可作賓語補足語。如:

  Many parents allow their children to make their own decisions.

  許多家長允許他們的孩子自己拿主意。

  (allow – permit 允許)

  The trainer made the elephant dance before audience.

  訓獸中使大象在觀眾前跳舞。

  注:

 ?、?通常要求帶to不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有:advise, allow, ask, cause, consider, expect, find, imagine, know, tell, think, want, wish等

  (advise – persuade 勸說 )

  (think – suppose 想 )

 ?、?要求不帶“to”的不定式作賓語補足語的動詞(一般為表示“感覺”或“使役”的動詞)有:feel, have, hear, let, make, notice, see, watch, listen to, look at

 ?、?help后面的作賓語補足語的不定式帶“to”或不帶“to”都可以。

  help Mary wash her clothes

  help Mary to wash her clothes

  2)作主語補足語

  帶有賓語補足語的謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,賓語成了主語,賓語補足語也就相應地成為主語補足語。當動詞不定式用作主語補足語時,一律要用帶“to”的形式。如:

  Their children are allowed to make their own decisions.

  允許他們的孩子自己拿主意。

  The elephant was made to dance before audience.

  使大象在觀眾前跳舞。

  不定式結構在英語文章中使用頻率較高, 如下面的這段文字中(4個句子), 不定式結構出現了5次, 請大家確認這些不定式結構在句子中的語法功能.

  (1)So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazard. (2) They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil. (3) Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and also known to cause poisoning中毒. (4) There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long-term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils.

  提示: 相鄰語句往往圍繞同一中心發(fā)展, 在詞語上常常表現為: 相鄰語句中出現呼應的詞語.

  分析:第1,2,4句中不定式是作定語;第3句的不定式是作主補;

  (hazard –danger 危險)

  (hazardous – dangerous危險的)

  (contaminate -- pollute污染)

  Ⅲ不定式的邏輯主語

  如要表明不定式或不定式的動作發(fā)出者(即邏輯主語,就要在不定式前用for+名詞(或代詞的賓格)。如:

  Is the road wide enough for two cars to pass?

  這條道路是否寬得足以使兩輛車通過?

  (wide – broad 寬闊的,遼闊的)

  The conference is too important for you to miss.

  這會議太重要了,你不能錯過。

  (conference – meeting 討論會,協(xié)商會;會議)

  (important –essential 重要的)

  *Ⅳ不定式的完成式和進行式的用法 (僅僅需要稍微了解即可)

  1.完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在句子謂語表示的動作之前。如:

  I’m sorry not to have come on Thursday.

  星期四那天我沒有來,很抱歉。

  The earth is said to have been part of the sun.

  據說地球過去曾經是太陽的一部分。

  2.進行式一般表示正在進行中的動作,強調與謂語動詞所表示的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生。如:

  I noticed that he seemed to be smoking a lot.

  我注意到他似乎煙抽得太多。

  I happened to be lying in bed when she came in.

  她進來時,我碰巧正躺在床上。

  小結:

  1) 不定式可做除謂語以外的任何其他成分----主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、狀語、定語:不定式本身也有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的問題。每個不定式都有其邏輯主語,如果邏輯主語是動作的發(fā)出者,不定式用主動式,如果其邏輯主語是動作的承受者,不定式用被動式。

  如:The doctor recommended him to clean the room. 醫(yī)生建議他打掃房間。

  如:The doctor recommended the room to be cleaned. 醫(yī)生建議打掃房間。

  2) 不定式的符號to 在一些特殊情況下經常被省略。

  A) 當幾個動詞不定式具有同樣的功能時,to 只用在第一個動詞不定式之前。

  B) 在以why 引導的疑問句中不用to

  e.g. He asked why (to) stay here.

  C) 在had better, would rather, rather than, would sooner(寧愿), can not but(不得不), cannot help but, do nothing but(只能)等結構后不用to

  D) 在hear, listen to, feel, see, look at, watch, notice, let, make, have, leave, help等動詞后,動詞不定式做賓語補足語時不用to

2017年職稱英語考試復習重點句型匯總

2017年職稱英語考試題型分析

2017年職稱英語考試復習指導

2017年職稱英語考試備考經驗匯總

  環(huán)球網校友情提示:2017年職稱英語考試即將開始報名,本文整理“職稱英語《綜合類》語法介紹:不定式”。如果您在此過程中遇到任何疑問,請登錄環(huán)球網校職稱英語頻道及職稱英語論壇,我們隨時與廣大考生朋友們一起交流!

  【摘要】目前備考2017年職稱英語考試的考生在循序漸進的進行中。環(huán)球網校為考生整理了“職稱英語《綜合類》語法介紹:不定式”,希望備考2017年職稱英語考試的考生都能順利通關,更多資料敬請關注網校職稱英語考試頻道……

  相關推薦:2017年職稱英語考試綜合類詞匯練習匯總

  不定式結構的考察在職稱英語考題中主要是以完成句子題(可能涉及到不定式結構)和文章中句子句意理解這樣的題出現。

  如:2003年綜合B/A級完成句子考題:Keeping Cut Flowers

  30. Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is ____.

  A. by keeping its original shape and color

  B. in the life of the cut flower

  C. to produce carbon dioxide

  D. for as long as possible

  E. by controlling temperature

  F. to replace the water and solution every day

  文章相關句子:Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water…

  ……………. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.

  如:2002年理工類閱讀理解第1篇文章Mobile Phones中的第一個問題:

  According to Robert Bell, if mobile phones prove to be dangerous to people's health,(系動詞+ 表語)

  A. they should be banned immediately.

  B. the use of them should be restricted.

  C. all transmitter to towers should be torn down.

  D. a warning label should be attached.

  解答:問題問“如果手機被證明對人的健康有害,那么。。”,文章中第1段的最后一句:If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised. 該句的不定式結構表述的語義與問題句中條件句(帶不定式結構的謂語)的含義一致,所以判斷該句是答案相關句,并根據句意選擇答案D。

  衛(wèi)生類C級閱讀理解文章中也有考題直接涉及到不定式結構:

  If you draw your money before it is due, you will have to ___.

  A. pay interest to the bank

  B. close your account

  C. open a new account

  D. pay a penalty or fee

  D. 分析: have to 是“不得不/必須”, to是不定式符號。問題句是說“如果在你在你的前的前到期之前取錢,你將不得不…”。借助我們的相關背景知識可以對這道題進行直接判斷:D(支付違約罰金或手續(xù)費)合適。

  職稱英語考試基礎詞匯重點解析十

  職稱英語核心詞匯推薦:

  (B級)bold adj. 大膽的;勇敢的;n. 粗體,黑體;

  bomb n. (與 the連用)炸彈,原子彈或核彈v.轟炸;

  bone n. 骨;骨頭;

  book n. 書,書籍 v. 登記,預訂,控告(booking office/售票處);

  boom n. 繁榮,隆隆聲v. 發(fā)隆隆聲,迅速增長;

  boost v.增加;提高;n.增加;提高(boost prices/提高價格);

  border n. 邊界,邊 v. 與……接壤,接近(on the border of/在……的邊界上;將要; on the borders/在邊界上,接近交界處;

  boring adj. 令人厭煩的;單調沉悶的;

  born adj. 天生的,天生就……的(be born to (parents)/出生在父母是……的家庭中; be born in (family)/ 出生在……的家庭中);

  borrow v. 借,借入;

  boss n. 老板;

  both adj. 兩者, 雙方的 pron. 雙方, 兩者(both...and.../不但……而且……;既……又……); bother v. 煩擾,打擾n. 麻煩, 麻煩事;討厭的人(bother (oneself) about/為……而操心;為……而費事);

  bottom n. 底,底部(Bottoms up!/干杯);

  (A級)bound adj. 正要啟程的;開往……去的,被束縛的(be bound to do sth. / 下決心……; 被迫做……;一定會……; be bound for…/準備去往…);

  boy n. 男孩,兒子;

  boyfriend n. 男朋友;

  brain n. 腦;智慧(have sth. on the brain/全神貫注在某事上);

  branch n. 枝,分枝;分部,分店,(學科)分科,部門;支流;

  brand n. 商標,牌子;

  brave adj. 勇敢的;

  bread n. 面包;生計(earn one’s bread/維持生活);

  break n. 休息,破裂v. 打破;違犯(break away/逃走,逃脫; break down/破壞; (機器)損壞;破裂;break into/闖入;強行進入;打斷;break out/突然發(fā)生; break through/突破);

  (A級)breakdown n. 崩潰,故障(a breakdown in communication/通信故障);

  breakfast n. 早餐;

  (B級)breast n. 胸;胸脯, 乳房

  breath n. 呼吸;氣味(hold one’s breath/屏息; at a breath/一口氣);

  breathe v. 呼吸;

  bridge n. 橋,橋牌(play bridge/打橋牌);

  brief adj. 簡短的,短暫的(in brief/簡單地說;簡明扼要的);

  briefly adv. 暫時地,簡要地;

  相關詞匯題分析:

  (變形于CET-4, 1999,6)

  1. I’m sorry to have bothered you with so many questions on such an occasion.

  A. interfered B. offended C. impressed D. troubled

  D. 分析: trouble – bother 使不便, 打攪

  interfere with .. /妨礙,打擾

  offend sb. with …/用…冒犯/侮辱某人

  impress sb. with …/…給某人留下了深刻的印象

  trouble/bother sb. with sth. 使某人因為…而煩惱/費神

  (變形于CET-6, 1990, 6)

  2. Children are bound to have some accidents as they grow up.

  A. obvious B. indispensable C. certain D. doubtless

  C. 分析: bound –certain 必然/必定〔后接不定式〕

  obvious – apparent – clear – evident 明白的,明顯的

  indispensable – necessary不可缺少的,必需的

  doubtless 無疑地,必定, 無疑的

  練習:

  1. Choose the best answer to the following questions./給下列問題選擇最佳答案。

  1.Are there anymore items that need _______?

  A. to consider B. to be considered

  C. to have considered D. to be considering

  2 Is the sports meeting _____ this week or next week?

  A. will be held B. to be holding

  C. to have held D. to be held

  3.Can freedom ____ exist in a society without some form of law and order?

  A. choosing B. choose

  C. to choose D. to be chosen

  4.Haven’t you anything ____?

  A. to open the bottle with B. to be opened the bottle

  C. opens the bottle with D. to be opening the bottle

  5.He is looking for a place ___.

  A. to live B. to be living

  C. to have lived D. to live in

  2. Try to translate the following sentences into Chinese:/把下列句子翻譯成中文

  選自職稱英語考試用書

  (From Computers)

  1. The information either reached managers too late or was too expensive to be used.

  2. Even a neighborhood shopkeeper may now use computers to control sales, billing, and other activities.

  3. Such an understanding is not difficult to achieve.

  (from Kitchen Design)

  4. This is why it is important to consider adding a water filter system.

  5.Because cabinets are a big investment, it is best to choose quality.

  (from Common Problems Common Solutions)

  6. There will always be some who want to build walls, who want to separate people from people, and up to a point, even these may serve society. The anti-smoking wall-builders have, to give them their due, helped to make us all more keenly aware of choice.

  3. Choose the best answers:

  綜合類完型填空題B/C級

  Public and Private Schools in the United States

  Religious and private schools receive little or no support from public taxes in the United States, and, as a result, are usually somewhat expensive to __1__. The largest group of religious schools in America is run by the Roman Catholic Church. While religious schools tend to be __2__ expensive than private schools, there are usually some fees.

  When there is free education available to all children in the United States, why do people spend money on private schools? American offer a great variety of reasons for doing so, including the desire of some parents to __3__ their children to schools where classes tend to be smaller, or where religious instruction is included as part of the educational program, or because, in their opinion, the public schools in their area are not of high enough quality to meet their needs.

  1. A) go B) attend C)take part in D) enroll

  2. A) less B) more C) rather D) much

  3. A) bring B) bringing C) send D) sending

  4. Reading Comprehension

2017年職稱英語考試復習重點句型匯總

2017年職稱英語考試題型分析

2017年職稱英語考試復習指導

2017年職稱英語考試備考經驗匯總

  環(huán)球網校友情提示:2017年職稱英語考試即將開始報名,本文整理“職稱英語《綜合類》語法介紹:不定式”。如果您在此過程中遇到任何疑問,請登錄環(huán)球網校職稱英語頻道及職稱英語論壇,我們隨時與廣大考生朋友們一起交流!

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