2013年自考英語(二)課文譯文:讓頭腦暢想

　　讓頭腦暢想

　　Until recently daydreaming was generally considered either a waste of time or a symptom of neurotic tendencies, and habitual daydreaming was regarded as evidence of maladjustment or an escape from life realities and responsibilities. It was believed that habitual daydreaming would eventually distance people from society and reduce their effectiveness in coping with real problems. At its best, daydreaming was considered a compensatory substitute for the real things in life.

　　直到最近人們還認為白日夢要么是浪費時間，要么是神經(jīng)病的先兆，習慣性白日夢被看作是不適應環(huán)境的表現(xiàn)，或者是對現(xiàn)實生活和責任的一種逃避。人們相信習慣性的白日夢最終會拉開人與社會的距離，降低人們處理實際問題的能力，充其量，白日夢只不過被看作是對生活中真實事物的一種補償。

　　As with anything carried to excess, daydreaming can be harmful. There are always those who would substitute fantasy lives for the rewards of real activity. But such extremes are relatively rare, and there is a growing body of evidence to support the fact that most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming rather than an excess of it. We are now beginning to learn how valuable it really is and that when individuals are completely prevented from daydreaming, their emotional balance can be disturbed. Not only are they less able to deal with the pressures of day-to-day existence, but also their self-control and self-direction become endangered.

　　任何事物做得過分都可能有害，白日做夢也是一樣，總有那么一些人，他們用想入非非的生活來代替實際活動得到的回報。但是這一類極端的情況較為罕見，愈來愈多的資料卻支持這樣一種看法：大多數(shù)人白日夢不是做得過多，而是不夠。我們現(xiàn)在才剛剛了解到白日夢實際上是多么有價值，而當個人被完全阻止白日做夢時，人的情緒平衡會受到干擾。不但應付日常生存的能力有所降低，而且自我控制和調(diào)節(jié)的能力也會出問題。

　　Recent research indicates that daydreaming is part of daily life and that a certain amount each day is essential for maintaining equilibrium. Daydreaming, science has discovered, is an effective relaxation technique. But its beneficial effects go beyond this. Experiments show that daydreaming significantly contributes to intellectual growth, powers of concentration, and the ability to interact and communicate with others.

　　最近的研究表明，白日做夢是日常生活的一部分，人們每天必須有一定量的白日夢來維持平衡。科學發(fā)現(xiàn)，白日做夢是一種有效的放松方法。但它的好處絕不止于此。實驗證明，白日做夢對于智力的增長，注意力的集中，對與別人交往與交流的能力都起著十分重要的作用。

　　In an experiment with schoolchildren in New York, Dr. Joan Freyberg observed improved concentration: "There was less running around, more happy feelings, more talking and playing in the group, and more attention paid to detail."

　　在紐約對在校生做的實驗中，瓊?弗雷伯格教授對兒童注意力的改善狀況進行了觀察：“他們不再像過去那樣到處亂跑，有更加愉快的感覺，在一起說話也多了，也更愿意玩了，對細節(jié)也更加注意了。”

　　In another experiment at Yale University, Dr. Jerome Singer found that daydreaming resulted in improved self-control and enhanced creative thinking ability. Daydreaming, Singer pointed out, is one way individuals can improve upon reality. It is, he concluded, a powerful spur to achievement.

　　在耶魯大學進行的另一個實驗中，杰羅姆?辛格博士發(fā)現(xiàn)，白日做夢可以改善自控能力，提高創(chuàng)造思維能力。辛格指出，白日做夢是人們改進現(xiàn)實的一種方法。他得出結論說，它對成就的取得是一種強有力的激勵。

　　'But the value of daydreaming does not stop here. It has been found that it improves a person's ability to be better adapted to practical, immediate concerns, to solve everyday problems, and to come up more readily with new ideas. Contrary to popular belief, constant and conscious effort at solving a problem is, in reality, one of the most inefficient ways of coping with it. While conscious initial effort is always necessary, effective solutions to especially severe problems frequently occur when conscious attempts to solve them have been put off. Inability to relax, to let go of a problem, often prevents its solution.

　　但是白日做夢的價值并非就這么多，人們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，白日做夢能提高一個人的能力，使他能更好地適應實際的、突發(fā)性的事務，解決日常問題，并能較容易地提出新的想法。與人們的普通看法相反，解決問題時不斷地和刻意地努力實際上是一種解決問題效率最低的辦法。盡管最初的刻意努力總是必要的，但解決特別重大問題的有效方法都是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在推遲刻意解決問題的努力之時。不會放松，不會對某個問題置之不理，常常妨礙問題的解決。

　　Historically, scientists and inventors are one group that seems to take full advantage of relaxed moments. Their biographies reveal that their best ideas seem to have occurred when they were relaxing and daydreaming. It is well known, for example, that Newton solved many of his toughest problems when his attention was waylaid by private musings.Thomas Alva Edison also knew the value of "half waking?states. Whenever confronted with a task which seemed too hard to be dealt with, he would stretch out on his laboratory sofa and let fantasies flood his mind.

　　從歷史上來看，科學家和發(fā)明家似乎都是一些充分利用時間放松的人。從他們的傳記中可以看出，他們一些最好的想法似乎卻是出現(xiàn)在他們放松和做白日夢時。例如，人們都知道，牛頓在獨自沉思時解決了許多最棘手的問題。托馬斯?A?愛迪生也深知“迷蒙”狀態(tài)的好處。無論何時遇到棘手的工作時，他都會躺在實驗室的沙發(fā)上，讓頭腦中充滿幻想。

　　Painters, writers, and composers also have drawn heavily on their sensitivity to inner fantasies. Debussy used to gaze at the River Seine and the golden reflections of the setting sun to establish an atmosphere for creativity. Brahms found that ideas came effortless only when he approached a state of deep daydreaming. And Cesar Frank is said to have walked around with a dreamlike gaze while composing, seemingly totally unaware of his surroundings.

　　畫家、作家和作曲家都十分依賴對內(nèi)心幻覺的敏感性。德彪西過去常常凝視著塞納河落日的金色倒影，從中找到一種創(chuàng)作的氛圍，勃拉姆斯發(fā)現(xiàn)只有當他深深地陷入白日夢境中，才能毫不費力地得到靈感。據(jù)說愷撒?弗蘭克創(chuàng)作時到處走動，雙目夢幻般凝視前方，似乎對周圍的環(huán)境渾然不知。

　　Many successful people actually daydreamed their successes and achievements long before they realized them. Henry J. Kaiser maintained that "you can imagine your future,?and he believed that a great part of his business success was due to positive use of daydreams. Harry S. Truman said that he used daydreaming for rest. Conrad Hilton dreamed of operating a hotel when he was a boy. He recalled that all his accomplishments were first realized in his imagination.

　　實際上，許多成功者在實現(xiàn)他們的成功和成就很久以前，就曾夢想過他們的成功和成就。享利?丁?凱澤認為：“你可以想像出你的未來?！倍宜嘈潘馍系拇蟛糠殖晒κ怯捎谒_運用了他的夢想。哈里?S?杜魯門說他利用做白日夢來休息。康拉德?希爾小時候曾夢想經(jīng)營一家旅館。他回憶說，他所有的成功都是首先在夢中實現(xiàn)的。

　　"Great living starts with a picture, held in some person's imagination, of what he would like someday to do or be. Florence Nightingale dreamed of being a nurse. Edison pictured himself an inventor; all such characters escaped the mere push of circumstance by imagining a future so vividly that they headed for it? These are the words of the well-known thinker Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick, and they show that people can literally daydream themselves to success. Fosdick, aware of the wonderful power of positive daydreaming. offered this advice: "Hold a picture of yourself long and steadily enough in your mind's eye, and you will be drawn toward it. Picture yourself vividly as defeated and that alone will make victory impossible. Picture yourself as winning and that will contribute remarkably to success. Do not picture yourself as anything, and you will drift like an abandoned ship at sea."

　　“令人滿意的生活起源于頭腦中想象中的畫面，在畫面中有他想做的事情或者是理想中的角色。費羅倫絲?南丁格爾夢想著成為一名護士，愛迪生夢想成為發(fā)明家。所有這些人都是通過對他們?yōu)橹畩^斗的未來作生動的構想，擺脫了對外界鼓勵的依靠。”這些話出自著名的思想家哈里?愛默生?福斯迪克之口，它表明人們的確能夠通過夢想達到成功。福斯迪克意識到積極的白日夢的神奇力量，他提出這樣的建議：在腦海中長時間穩(wěn)定地存有一幅自己未來的畫面，你就會被它吸引;把自己想象成為一個失敗者，僅此一點就會使你與成功無緣;把自己想象成一個成功者，就會極大地促使你成功。不能想象出自己的未來，那么你就會像漂浮在海洋上的棄船。

　　To get the results, you should picture yourself -- as vividly as possible -- as you want to be. The important thing to remember is to picture these desired objectives as if you had already attained them. Go over several times the details of these pictures. This will deeply impress them on your memory, and these memory traces will soon start influencing your everyday behavior toward the attainment of the goal.

　　要想有所作為，你應該盡可能生動地想象出你理想的形象。要記住的重點是把這些要達到的目標想象成好像你已經(jīng)完成。然后反復檢查這些畫面的細節(jié)，這樣它們會給你留下深刻的印象，這些記憶痕不久就會影響你為達目標而進行的日?；顒?。

　　While exercising your imagination, you should be alone and completely undisturbed. Some individuals seem to have the ability to tune into their private selves in the midst of the noisiest crowds or company. But most of us, especially when the experience is new, require an environment free from outside distraction.

　　在想象時，你應該獨處而且絲毫不受外界干擾。有些人似乎能在最嘈雜的人群之中進行自我調(diào)節(jié)進入安靜狀態(tài)。但是我們大多數(shù)人，特別是剛剛開始做白日夢時，需要一種免受外界干擾的環(huán)境。

　　A life lived without fantasy and daydreaming is a seriously impoverished one. Each of us should put aside a few minutes daily, taking short 10- or 15-minute vacations. Daydreaming is highly beneficial to your physical and mental well-being, and you will find that this modest, inexpensive investment in time will add up to a more creative and imaginative, a more satisfied, and a more self-fulfilled you. It offers us a fuller sense of being intensely alive from moment to moment, and this, of course, contributes greatly to the excitement and joy of living.

　　沒有幻想，沒有白日夢的生活是極度乏味的生活，我們每一個人每天都應留出些時間，休上10～15分鐘的短假。白日做夢對你的身心健康高度有益，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這一小小的廉價的時間投資最終帶來的是一個更有創(chuàng)造性、更富想象力、一個更心滿意足和一個更躊躇滿志的你，它常常使我們更充分地意識到生活的緊張激烈，這當然能夠增加生活的興奮與喜悅。

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