2018年10月自考英語(yǔ)(一)考前要點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)(3)

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2018年10月自考英語(yǔ)(一)考前要點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)(3)

Unit3 Text A The Altoantic Ocean

本課主要單詞

1. unwilling adj.不情愿的，不愿意的;勉強(qiáng)的

Selfish as she is， she is unwilling to share anything with others.　(她很自私，不愿意與他人分享任何東西。)

He was unwilling to give up halfway even though there might be more difficulties ahead.(盡管前面可能有許多困難，但他不愿意中途放棄。)

They got some unwilling assistance from the local government.　(地方政府勉強(qiáng)給了他們一些協(xié)助。)

2. equator n.赤道

Ecuador is near the equator.(厄瓜多爾靠近赤道。)

People used to believe that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.

(人們過(guò)去認(rèn)為，在赤道處海水是滾燙的。)

3. bulge n.不規(guī)則突起;鼓起之處;(突然)上漲，增多 　　　　v.使膨脹;塞滿

Between the bulge of South America and the bulge of Africa lies the narrowest place of the Atlantic Ocean. (大西洋的最狹窄處位于南美洲的突起處和非洲的突起處之間。)

The graph shows a bulge in the birth rate in the year of dragon.　(圖表顯示龍年出生率的暴增。)

His schoolbag was bulging with apples when he came back from his uncle's orchard.(他從叔叔的果園回來(lái)時(shí)書(shū)包里鼓鼓囊囊裝滿了蘋(píng)果。)

4. unusual adj. 少有的;不尋常的;與眾不同的，獨(dú)特的

It was not unusual for him to work very late every night.　(每天工作到深夜對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是很平常的事。)

He has an unusual name.(他有一個(gè)不尋常的名字。)

It is unusual to see snow in this region.(這個(gè)地區(qū)難得下雪。)

This young man has an unusual talent for organization.(這個(gè)年輕人有非凡的組織才能)。

5. salty adj. 咸的，含鹽的 salt n. 鹽;風(fēng)趣 　　v. 用鹽調(diào)味;用鹽腌;撒鹽于道路上

He didn't have much for dinner as the dishes were too salty.　(他晚餐吃的不多，因?yàn)椴颂塘恕?

It might be a good idea to wash these in salty water.　(把這些放在鹽水里洗一洗也許是個(gè)好主意。)

He added a bit more salt to the soup to make it tastier.　(為了使湯的味道更好，他又加了一點(diǎn)鹽。)

His wit added salt to the discussion.　(他的妙語(yǔ)使討論增添了風(fēng)趣。)

Have you salted the potato?(你往土豆里加了鹽了嗎?)

It took them a long time to salt the main roads.　(他們花了好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才在主要公路上撒上鹽。)

grind salt in sb.'s wounds 在某人傷口上撒鹽，使某人痛上加痛

with a grain of salt　半信半疑地

Salt Lake City　鹽湖城(美國(guó)尤他州州府)

salt mine　鹽礦　　　　　 salt shaker　(瓶蓋上有細(xì)孔用于勻撒的)鹽瓶

salt spreader　撒鹽車　　　a saltwater lake　咸水湖

saltwater fish　海產(chǎn)　　　　a salted egg　咸蛋

請(qǐng)注意：形容詞salty是由名詞 salt加形容詞后綴 -y構(gòu)成的。這樣的形容詞在英語(yǔ)中還有很多，如：windy，snowy，rainy，cloudy，sunny，funny，muddy，foggy…

6. average n. 平均數(shù)，平均　　 adj. 平均的;平常的，普通的　　 v. 平均

The average of 5，7 and 9 is 7. (5，7，9的平均數(shù)是7.)

He receives an average of 50 calls a day.(他平均每天接到50個(gè)電話。)

Mr. Brown could hardly believe that his son's work at school is below the average.(布朗先生幾乎無(wú)法相信他兒子的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)低于一般水平。)

The average temperature yesterday was below zero.(昨天的平均氣溫在零度以下。)

He is an average student in his class.(他是班上的一般學(xué)生。)

A man of average height came to see you today.(今天有一位中等身材的人來(lái)看你。)

He averages one pack of cigarettes a day.(他平均每天抽一包香煙。)

The annual rainfall here averages 700mm.(這里的年降雨量平均為700毫米。)

7. spot n.地點(diǎn)，處所;點(diǎn)，斑點(diǎn)　 v. 點(diǎn)綴;認(rèn)出;準(zhǔn)確定位　 adj. 當(dāng)場(chǎng)作出的;現(xiàn)付的

She toured many scenic spots during the holiday.(假日里她游覽了許多風(fēng)景勝地。)

She told us the exact spot where the accident happened.　(她把事故發(fā)生的準(zhǔn)確地點(diǎn)告訴了我們。)

She decided on a blue tie with white spot for her husband.　(她給丈夫選了一條藍(lán)底白點(diǎn)的領(lǐng)帶。)

There is a spot of ink on the white wall.(白墻上有墨水漬。)

He didn't want to leave a spot on his reputation.(他不想在名譽(yù)上留下污點(diǎn)。)

The night sky is spotted with twinkling stars.(閃爍的星星點(diǎn)綴著夜空。)

His shoes are spotted with mud.(他的鞋子上有泥漬。)

She is so special， you can spot her in the crowd easily.　(她很特別，你在人群中能一眼認(rèn)出她來(lái)。)

He was sent to spot the battery position of the enemy.(他被派去測(cè)定敵炮陣地。)

She was urged to make a spot decision.(她被催促當(dāng)場(chǎng)做決定。)

on the spot　當(dāng)場(chǎng)，在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)　　　in a spot　在困境中，在窘境中

put sb. on the spot　使某人處于難堪地位

put one's finger on sb.'s weak spot　指出某人性格上的弱點(diǎn)

spot check　抽樣檢查　　　spot survey 抽樣調(diào)查

spotlight　聚光燈;汽車上的反光燈;公眾注意中心

spot news　現(xiàn)場(chǎng)報(bào)道的新聞　　　spot price 現(xiàn)貨價(jià)

8. range n. 山脈;幅度，范圍 v.(在某范圍內(nèi))變動(dòng)，變化;把…排列成行

One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic.(世界最長(zhǎng)的山脈從大西洋洋底聳起。)

The age range is from 45 to 65.(年齡幅度在45歲至65歲之間。)

He is not very clear about his range of responsibility.(他對(duì)自己的責(zé)任范圍并不清楚。)

The question you asked is out of my range.(你問(wèn)的問(wèn)題我不懂。)

Prices of gasoline range from one dollar to one dollar and twenty a gallon.(汽油的價(jià)格從1美元至1美元20美分1加侖不等。)

The tiger-sharks range in length from nine feet to fourteen feet.　(虎鯨的體長(zhǎng)從9英尺到14英尺不等。)

The puddings are neatly ranged on the shelf.(布丁整齊地排列在架子上。)

medium-range missile　中程導(dǎo)彈　　　wide range of interests　興趣廣泛

at close range　接近地　　　in/within range　在射程內(nèi)

9. peak n. 山峰;頂點(diǎn)

The mountain peak is covered with snow all the year.(山峰終年積雪。)

His career is at its peak now， no wonder he will make greater achievement.(他的事業(yè)正處于鼎盛時(shí)期，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，他會(huì)取得更大的成就。)

10. vessel n. 船，艦;容器，器皿

an ocean-going vessel　遠(yuǎn)洋輪　　an escort vessel　護(hù)衛(wèi)艦

a fishing vessel　漁船　　　　　　a drinking vessel　飲具

11. crew n. 全體船員，全體機(jī)務(wù)人員

The crew was (were) annoyed at the captain's decision.(船員們對(duì)船長(zhǎng)的決定感到惱火。)

The aircraft has a crew of 6.(這架飛機(jī)有6名機(jī)組人員。)

All 312 passengers and 6 crew members died in the plane crash.(312名乘客和6名機(jī)組人員在飛機(jī)失事中喪生。)

12. becalm v.(常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))(指帆船)因無(wú)風(fēng)而停止前進(jìn)

In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed on the ocean.(在使用帆船的時(shí)代，船員們擔(dān)心他們會(huì)因?yàn)闊o(wú)風(fēng)而無(wú)法在海洋上航行。)

He was becalmed for a whole week north of the island.　(他在海島北面因無(wú)風(fēng)而停泊了整整一周。)

13. gulf n. 海灣;隔閡;鴻溝

Can you tell me for sure who was the real winner of the Gulf War?(你能確定地告訴我誰(shuí)是海灣戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的真正贏家嗎?)

The quarrel left a gulf between the two close friends.　(那場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)吵在兩位好友間造成了隔閡。)

the Persian Gulf　波斯灣　　　the Gulf of Mexico　墨西哥灣

Gulf Stream　灣流，墨西哥灣流

14. stream n. 小河，溪流 　　v. 流，涌

They had a walk along the bank of the stream.(他們沿著河岸散步。)

Lots of tree leaves are floating along with the stream.(許多樹(shù)葉正隨著水流漂浮。)

Tourists came into the cave in a steady stream.(游客們?cè)丛床粩嗟剡M(jìn)入山洞。)

Tears streamed down her cheeks when she heard the news.(當(dāng)她聽(tīng)到那個(gè)消息時(shí)，淚水順著臉頰流了下來(lái)。)

He didn't even frown when blood streamed from his wound.　(血從傷口涌出時(shí)，他連眉頭都沒(méi)皺一下。)

a stream of cold air　一股冷空氣　　　a stream of people　一股人流

a stream of lies　一串謊言　　　　　 a stream of good ideas　一系列好主意

a stream of light　一道光線　　　　　stream of consciousness　意識(shí)流

go against the stream　逆潮流而動(dòng)　　 go with the stream　隨波逐流

stream-lined cars 流線型汽車

15. current n. (空氣，水等的)流，潮流;電流;傾向　　 adj. 當(dāng)前的，通行的

The child had been swept away by the current.(孩子被水流卷走了。)

A steady current of heated air rose from the mountain top.　(一股熱氣從山頂源源不斷升起。)

There was a powerful electric current running through the wires.　(一股強(qiáng)大的電流流過(guò)電線。)

Mass media influence the current of public opinion.(大眾傳媒影響輿論的傾向。)

Give me a current issue of Reader's Digest.(給我一本最近一期的讀者文摘。)

A long time ago， it was a current belief that the earth was flat.　(很久以前，人們普遍相信地球是扁平。)

the main current　主流　　　　　　a warm current 暖流

an alternating current　交流電　　　a direct current　直流電

current events　時(shí)事　　　　　　 current situation　當(dāng)前形勢(shì)

16. affect v. 影響;打動(dòng);(疾病)侵襲 effect n. 效果;作用，影響;

His mood was greatly affected by the sad news. 　(那個(gè)悲痛的消息使他的心緒大受影響。)

Computers affect our life in many ways.(計(jì)算機(jī)在許多方面影響我們的生活。)

Reading in dim light constantly will surely affect the eyes.(經(jīng)常在昏暗的光線下看書(shū)肯定會(huì)對(duì)眼睛有影響。)

The child was affected with high fever.(孩子發(fā)高燒了。)

The color gives the effect of being warm.(這顏色給人以暖感。)

The wonderful sky effect on the festival night impressed everybody.

(絢麗的節(jié)日夜空給每一個(gè)人都留下了深刻印象。)

I just hope this medicine won't have serious side-effect.　(我只希望這種藥沒(méi)有嚴(yán)重的副作用。)

sound effect　音響效果　　　three-dimensional effect 立體感

lighting effect　燈光效果　　 cause and effect　因果

no effects　無(wú)存款(銀行在空頭支票上的批語(yǔ))

be of no effect無(wú)效　　　　　bring sth. to effect　實(shí)行，實(shí)施

in effect實(shí)際上　　　　　　　take effect　見(jiàn)效;生效

17. climate n. 氣候

The change in climate might be one of the causes for the extinction of dinosaurs.

(氣候的變化也許是恐龍滅絕的一個(gè)原因。)

In cold climates， some of the livestock have to be kept indoors all winter.

(在寒冷的氣候區(qū)，一些牲畜得在室內(nèi)一冬。)

In the present economic climate we can make greater achievement.

(在目前的經(jīng)濟(jì)氣候下，我們能夠取得更大的成就。)

weather n. 天氣

The football match had to be put off because of bad weather.　(由于天氣不好，足球比賽被推遲了。)

What's the weather like in Hangzhou? I hope it is not as hot there.(杭州的天氣怎么樣?希望那兒不那么熱。)

18. flow n. 流 　 v. 流動(dòng)

Heavy rains brought mud flows down the mountain. (暴雨把泥流沖下了山。)

The doctor stopped the flow of blood. (醫(yī)生把血止住了。)

The river flows east into the sea. (這條河向東流入大海。)

19. furnish v. 供應(yīng)，提供;裝備，(用家具)布置

The school has decided to furnish the library with some new books.　(學(xué)校決定給圖書(shū)館提供一些新書(shū)。)

They furnished all the passengers with life jackets. (他們?yōu)樗械某丝吞峁┚壬隆?

She wants to furnish her new house with modern furniture.(她想用時(shí)新家具布置新家。)

20. highway n. 公路; (水陸)交通干線

The canal was the only highway for commerce.(這條遠(yuǎn)河是唯一的商業(yè)路線。)

You can find many motels along the highways.(在高速公路沿線你會(huì)看到許多汽車旅館。)

21. float v.(使)漂浮

Colorful flags are floating in the morning breeze.(彩旗在晨風(fēng)中飄蕩。)

When winter comes yellow leaves float down.(冬天到來(lái)時(shí)，黃葉飄落。)

It will be much easier for you to float the logs down the river.(你們把木材順流下漂將會(huì)容易得多。)

本課主要構(gòu)詞法

Affixation　　(詞綴法)

1. 反意詞前綴un- 　　　unusual，unwilling

2. 形容詞后綴-y 　　　salty

3. 名詞后綴-or 　　　sailor

Compounding 　　(合詞法)

1. 復(fù)合名詞 　　　highway，steamship，airplane

2. 復(fù)合形容詞 　　　mid-Atlantic，eastward

本課簡(jiǎn)介

The Atlantic Ocean向讀者介紹了有關(guān)大西洋的情況。我們可以了解航行大西洋的過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在，也可以了解大西洋“制造”出來(lái)的世界之最。

本課主要語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)

1. The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.

在表示河流，海洋，群島，沙漠等地理名稱的名詞前，以及以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的國(guó)名前要用定冠詞，例如：the Yellow River(黃河)，the Pacific Ocean(太平洋)，the British Isles (不列顛群島)，the Sahara(撒哈拉沙漠)，the Alps(阿爾卑斯山脈)， the Philippines (菲列賓)

在表示某一座山，島嶼或某一個(gè)湖時(shí)不用定冠詞，例如：Yellow Mountain(黃山)，Lake Erie(伊利湖)，Hainan Island(海南島)

one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞是英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的用法，請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

She is one of the most hardworking students in our class.　(她是我們班學(xué)習(xí)最刻苦的學(xué)生之一。)

Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.(上海是世界最大的城市之一。)

印度是世界上人口最多的國(guó)家之一?！?India is one of the countries with the largest population in the world.)

尼羅河是世界上最長(zhǎng)的河流之一。(Nile is one of the longest rivers in the world.)

在one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句一般被看作修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此該從句中的謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：

This is one of the best novels that have been published this year.　(這是今年出版的最佳小說(shuō)之一。)

Mr. Smith is one of those men who always think they are right.(史密斯先生屬于那些總是認(rèn)為自己正確的人。)

He is not one of those who bow before difficulties.(他不是那種在困難面前低頭的人。)

但是在the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該被看成修飾單數(shù)名詞。例如：

He was the only one of the boys who was praised by the teacher.　(他是男孩中唯一受到老師表?yè)P(yáng)的。)

Helen is the only one of those girls who doesn't wear make-up.　(海倫是那些女孩中唯一不化妝的。)

separate from是常用詞組，在句子中的意思是“(使)分離，(使)分開(kāi)”，請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

1)英吉利海峽把英法兩國(guó)隔開(kāi)。(The English Channel separates England from France.)

2)理論不應(yīng)該脫離實(shí)際。(Theory should not be separated from practice.)

the Old world指歐，亞，非三洲，有時(shí)僅指歐洲。the New (World) 指哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)的美洲大陸。

2. For centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe.

for centuries 意為“許多世紀(jì)”。在英語(yǔ)中用介詞for加表示時(shí)間的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的表達(dá)形式很常見(jiàn)。請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

1)I haven't seen you for days. How is everything?(多日不見(jiàn)，一切都好嗎?)

2)I haven't seen him for years， I am sure he has changed a lot.　(我多年沒(méi)見(jiàn)到他了，他一定變了不少。)

3)It seems I have been waiting for you for centuries. Where have you been?(我似乎等了你幾個(gè)世紀(jì)了，你去哪兒了?)

keep… from doing 是習(xí)慣用法，意思是“使…不…”。

例如：It is really not easy to keep Father from smoking.(要使父親不抽煙真不容易。)

請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

1)Heavy fog kept the ships from being discovered by the enemy.　(大霧使得船只未被敵人發(fā)現(xiàn)。)

2)We had no way to keep him from getting involved in the matter.　(我們沒(méi)有辦法使他不卷入那事件中去。)

3)那種藥使他的咳嗽不再加劇?！?The medicine keeps his cough from getting more serious.)

4)當(dāng)?shù)厝说谋Ｊ厮枷胧沟媚莻€(gè)地方不能快速發(fā)展。

(The local people's conservative mind keeps that place from developing rapidly.)

3. Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it.

make sb. unwilling to do sth. 意為“使得某人不愿做某事”。例如：His indifference to work made everybody unwilling to cooperate with him.(他對(duì)工作的冷漠態(tài)度使得所有的人都不愿與他合作。)

主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(SVOC)的句型在課本第二單元的語(yǔ)法中已有較詳細(xì)的論述。請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

1)His behavior at the dinner party made the host annoyed.　(他在晚宴上的行為使主人很惱火。)

2)That film made him famous.(那部影片使他出了名。)

3)他剛才的一番話使瑪麗很傷心。(What he said just now made Mary very sad.)

4)老師對(duì)他作文的評(píng)價(jià)令他失望?！?The teacher's comment on his composition made him disappointed.)

5)What he had done made his friends hesitant to accept the invitation.(他的所為使得他的朋友們對(duì)接受邀請(qǐng)猶豫不決。)

6)他的揮霍浪費(fèi)使得他的父母不愿意再給他錢。(His unthriftiness made his parents unwilling to give him any more money.)

4. One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。

Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.

這兩個(gè)都是表語(yǔ)從句和主句中的系動(dòng)詞連用的句子。結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句。請(qǐng)看下面的例句：My idea is that we contact him as soon as possible.(我的想法是我們應(yīng)該盡快跟他聯(lián)系。)

請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

1) My suggestion is that we should put off the meeting.(我的建議是我們應(yīng)該把會(huì)議延期。)

2) One advantage of solar energy is that it will never be used up.　(太陽(yáng)能的一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是用之不竭。)

3) 問(wèn)題是你不在時(shí)誰(shuí)照管孩子?！?The problem is who will take care of the children while you are away.)

4) 看起來(lái)天要下雨。(It looks that it is going to rain.)

請(qǐng)注意辨析another 和other：

another由 an+other構(gòu)成，只和單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用。other可用于所有名詞前。another+單數(shù)名詞表示不定的“另一個(gè)”，the other+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示特指的“另一個(gè)”。

請(qǐng)看下面的例句：

1) This idea is not very practical， will you think of another one?　(這個(gè)主意不太實(shí)際，你能另想一個(gè)嗎?)

2) This book is too difficult. Show me another one.(這本書(shū)太難了，給我看另外一本。)

3) Of the three books in my bag， two are published in China， the other is published in the United States.(我包里的三本書(shū)中，兩本是中國(guó)出版的，另一本是美國(guó)出版的。)

4) Tom is here， but where are the other boys?(湯姆在這兒，其他的男孩在哪兒呢?)

5) I like this coat better than the other one.(兩件上衣中，我更喜歡這一件。)

6) This camera is more expensive than the other one.(這架照相機(jī)比另一架貴。)

boiling hot意思是“滾熱的，酷熱的”。此處的boiling不是形容詞而是副詞，表示熱的程度，修飾hot.

5. Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth.

此句中，that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作形容詞的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：

1) I am afraid that I can not finish the article in two hours.　(我擔(dān)心我兩小時(shí)內(nèi)寫(xiě)不完這篇文章。)

2) He was afraid that he couldn't give you a definite answer.　(他擔(dān)心他不能給你一個(gè)明確的答復(fù)。)

3) I am afraid that I have made a mistake.(我擔(dān)心自己犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。)

4) We are confident that we can overcome all the difficulties.　(我們相信自己能克服所有的困難。)

對(duì)“be + 形容詞 + that引起的從句”這類結(jié)構(gòu)，語(yǔ)法家們有的認(rèn)為that從句做賓語(yǔ)用，有的認(rèn)為that從句做狀語(yǔ)用。根據(jù)句子的邏輯意義來(lái)判斷也許比較方便一些。如：I'm sorry that you failed the exam again. 這個(gè)句子中的that從句起狀語(yǔ)作用，相當(dāng)于“…because you failed the exam again.”

6. The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific，…

在第一單元中我們討論過(guò)副詞的同等比較。本句中as big as 則是形容詞的同等比較。在這類句子中，可以有表示程度的狀語(yǔ)。例如：

1) This book is not half as interesting as that one.(這本書(shū)還不如那本書(shū)一半有趣。)

2) My monthly income is only half as much as his.(我的月收入只有他的一半多。)

3) This year our university will enroll three times as many students as it did the year before last.(我們學(xué)校今年的招生人數(shù)將是前年的三倍。)

請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

1) 我的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)還不及你的一半流利。(My spoken English is not half as fluent as yours.)

2) 這只手提箱還沒(méi)有那只手提箱一半重。(This suitcase is not half as heavy as that one.)

3) 這個(gè)房間是那個(gè)房間的兩倍。(This room is twice as large as that one.)

7. But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers.

suppose 常常做動(dòng)詞用，意思是“假定;猜想;認(rèn)為”。例如：

1) Let's suppose it to be true.(讓我們假定這是真的。)

2) I suppose he is very nervous.(我猜想他很緊張。)

3) I supposed him to be an honest man， but he often tells lies.　(我以為他很誠(chéng)實(shí)，他卻經(jīng)常說(shuō)謊。)

在本句中suppose(也可以用supposing)是一個(gè)連詞，意思是“假設(shè)(= if);假使…結(jié)果會(huì)怎么樣”。例如：

1) Suppose he is ill， what shall we do?(假如他病了，我們?cè)趺崔k?)

2) Suppose a tiger should come out of the cage?　(如果一只老虎從籠子中跑出來(lái)怎么辦?)

3) Suppose something should go wrong?(如果出了什么問(wèn)題會(huì)怎么樣?)

8. It would take the ocean about 4000 years to dry up.

it takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 是很常用的一個(gè)句型。例如：

1) 我騎自行車到學(xué)校要花半小時(shí)。(It takes me half an hour to get to school by bike.)

2) 他花了兩個(gè)星期時(shí)間才看完那本書(shū)。(It took him two weeks to finish reading that book.)

請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

1) It took the boy three hours to finish his homework.(那個(gè)男孩花了3小時(shí)才寫(xiě)完作業(yè)。)

2) It takes less than 4 hours to get to Shanghai by train from Nanjing.(從南京乘火車到上海只要不到4小時(shí)。)

3) 他花了4天時(shí)間才走出密林。(It took him 4 days to go out of the forest.)

4) 照顧一個(gè)生病的老人要花許多時(shí)間。(It will take a great deal of time to look after a sick old man.

9. On the average the water is a little more than two miles deep， but in places it is much deeper.

on the average在句子中的意思是“平均而言”。例如：

1) On the average， they drove 70 miles an hour.(他們平均每小時(shí)行駛70英里。)

2) On the average， they spend 20 yuan on food every day.(他們平均每天花20塊錢吃飯。)

a little 在句子中修飾more，表示程度，意思是“一點(diǎn)兒，稍許”。much在句子中修飾deeper，也表示程度，加強(qiáng)形容詞比較級(jí)，意思是“…多”。例如：

1) I feel a little cold.(我覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)冷。)

2) He spent a little more than 20 yuan yesterday.(昨天他花了20塊多一點(diǎn)兒。)

3) I feel much better now.(我現(xiàn)在感覺(jué)好多了。)

4) She is much more careful this time.(她這一次細(xì)心多了。)

請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

1) 干了一天的工作，我覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)累。(I feel a little tired after a day's work.)

2) 她對(duì)她的同學(xué)有點(diǎn)不友好。(She is a little unfriendly to her classmates.)

3) 聽(tīng)了那個(gè)消息他開(kāi)心多了。(He was much happier after hearing that news.)

10. This “deep” measures 30，246 feet——almost 6 miles (9.6km)。

本句中的deep做名詞用，意思是“深處”，“海淵”(水深超過(guò)3000英里)。

measure 在句子中做動(dòng)詞用，意思是“測(cè)量”，“有…深”。例如：

1) This room measures 10 metres across.(這個(gè)房間寬10米。)

2) The bridge measures 17 kilometres long.(這座橋長(zhǎng)17公里。)

3) The water tank only measures 2 metres deep.(這只水箱只有2米深。)

11. One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic.

本句中的 longest與課文前幾段中出現(xiàn)的narrowest，saltiest，deepest一樣，都是形容詞的最高級(jí)形式。因?yàn)檫@幾個(gè)詞是單音節(jié)詞或是以元音結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，所以，最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成是在詞尾加-est.對(duì)于大部分兩個(gè)音節(jié)以上的形容詞，最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成是在形容詞前面加most.請(qǐng)看例句：

1) He wants to make everybody believe that he is the happiest person in the world.(他想使每一個(gè)人相信他是世界上最幸福的人。)

2) This is the strongest horse I have ever seen.(這是我所見(jiàn)過(guò)的最強(qiáng)壯的馬。)

3) The boss wanted to find the most careful employees.(老板想找最細(xì)心的雇工。)

4) 黃山是我所知道的最美的山之一。(Yellow Mountain is one of the most beautiful mountains I have ever known.)

5) 這條高速公路是中國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的。(This express way is one of the longest in China. )

6) 這本書(shū)是三本書(shū)中最有意思的。(This book is the most interesting of the three.)

rise 是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，在句子中的意思是“升起;隆起”。例如：

1) The sun rises in the east.(太陽(yáng)在東方升起。)

2) Give the child some medicine， his temperature is rising.　　(給孩子服藥，他的體溫在升高。)

3) The mountain peak rises above the clouds.(山峰高聳入云。)

請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別以下動(dòng)詞：

1) rise 不及物動(dòng)詞 (起立;上升，高聳;浮現(xiàn))

The old lady rose to her feet when she heard the doorbell.

The tower rises to a height of 70 feet.

An idea rises in my mind.

2) raise 及物動(dòng)詞 (舉起;養(yǎng)育;提高;召集)

If you have any questions， please raise your hands.

When Father was in the army， Mother had a hard time raising three children.

The management promised to raise the workers'salary after the negotiation.

He failed to raise the money for his father's heart operation.

3) arise 不及物動(dòng)詞 (升起;出現(xiàn);由…引起)

Heavy smoke arose beyond the mountain.

New problems arise when old ones are solved.

His illness arose from malnutrition.

4) arouse 及物動(dòng)詞 (喚醒;激起，引起)

The noise outside aroused him from sleep.

The music aroused a feeling of homesickness in him.

floor在句子中的意思是“海底”。在其他語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中，floor當(dāng)然有其他的意思。如;

1) He lives on the seventh floor.(他住在7樓。)

2) The wood floor gives a feeling of warmth in the winter.　(冬天時(shí)，木地板給我溫暖的感覺(jué)。)

3) He was given the floor at the meeting.(他在會(huì)上得到了發(fā)言權(quán)。)

4)He decided to floor the kitchen with plastic tiles.(他決定用塑料磚鋪廚房地面。)

12. The tops of a few of the mountains reach up above the sea and make island

top 在句中做名詞用，意思是“頂部，山頂”。例如：

1) He was the first to climb to the top of the hill.(他第一個(gè)爬上山頂。)

2) When we stand on the top of the mountain， the whole city is in sight.(我們站在山頂時(shí)，整個(gè)城市盡收眼底)

請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子，注意top的詞類和意思：

1) He shouted at the top of his voice.(他放聲高叫。)-n.

2) He is running at the top of his speed.(他正以最快的速度奔跑。)-n.

3) He is the top student in the class.(他是班上的尖子學(xué)生。)-adj.

4) This is the top news of the week.(這是本周的頭條新聞。)-adj.

5) His father is a top diplomatic advisor.(他父親是高級(jí)外交顧問(wèn)。)-adj.

6) Mother is going to top the cake with cream.(媽媽準(zhǔn)備在蛋糕上澆奶油。)-v.

7) He tops his father by half a head.(他比父親高出半個(gè)頭。)-v.

8) She needs a new skirt to match her top.(她需要一條新裙子配她的上衣。)-n.

與top有關(guān)的詞組：

come out top(名列前茅) come out on top(出人頭地) from top to bottom(從上到下，徹底地) from top to toe(從頭到腳;完全) on top of the world(非常幸福;心滿意足)

13. Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea.

called the Sargasso Sea 是修飾ocean的定語(yǔ)從句，在其前省去了which is.

請(qǐng)看下面的例句：

1) Opportunities are often thing (that) you have not noticed the first time around.

(機(jī)會(huì)常常是第一次出現(xiàn)時(shí)沒(méi)有被人們注意到的東西。)

2) There is much (that) the little boy can do.(有許多是那小男孩能做。)

3)He is the right person (that) I want to discuss the problem with.(他正是我想與其討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題的人。)

14. In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed here. Sometimes they were.

days常常指“時(shí)期，時(shí)代”，有時(shí)也表示“一生;生命”。請(qǐng)看例句：

1) In his boyhood days， he often went swimming and fishing with his friends.(在他的童年時(shí)代，他常常和伙伴們一起游泳，釣魚(yú)。)

2) In the days of Queen Victoria， the British colony expanded rapidly.(在維多利亞女王時(shí)代，英國(guó)殖民地迅速擴(kuò)張。)

3) He has experienced a lot of hardships in his days.(他一生中吃了許多苦。)

crew是一個(gè)集合名詞，指“全體船員”，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)，此句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用的是復(fù)數(shù)were，因?yàn)閺木渥又锌梢酝茢喑鍪窃S多vessels(船)上的船員。Sometimes they were.句子中省略becalmed.

15. The Atlantic furnishes much food for the people on its shores.

furnish sth. to sb. 意思是“為…提供”，我們同樣可以用furnish sb. with sth.來(lái)表達(dá)這個(gè)意思。例如：

They furnished blankets and food to the refugees.(他們?yōu)殡y民供應(yīng)毯子和食物。)

No one expected that he would furnish the information to the opponent.(誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有料到他會(huì)把消息提供給對(duì)手。)

Luckily， they have furnished us with a car and all the necessary maps.(幸運(yùn)的是他們?yōu)槲覀兲峁┝艘惠v汽車和所有必要的地圖。)

16. One of its famous fishing regions， the Grand Banks， is near Newfoundland.

the Grand Banks在句子中做同位語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)看下面的例句：

1) This theory was advanced by Einstein， a famous scientist.　　(這個(gè)理論是由著名科學(xué)家愛(ài)因斯坦提出的。)

2) This is Mr. Benjamin， dean of our department.(這是我們系主任本杰明先生。)

3) Qinghai Lake， the largest inland body of salt water in China， lies 3，198 metres above sea-level.(中國(guó)最大的內(nèi)陸咸水湖青海湖海拔3，198米。)

本課主要詞組及句型

詞組：

1. separate from　　　　　 　2. keep sb. from doing sth.

3. be unwilling to do sth. 　 　　4. between A and B

5. make sth unusual　　　　 　6. so…that

7. dry up　　　　　　　　 　8. on the average

9. rise from　　　　　　　 　10. furnish sth for sb.

11. pile up　　　　　　　 　 12. from…to

句型：

A.定語(yǔ)從句：

1) The Atlantic is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.

2) Ocean currents affect the climates of the land near which they flow.

B.表語(yǔ)從句：

1) One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。

2) Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.

C.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：

1) There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is.

2) We now have such fast ways of travelling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller.

D.形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)：

1) The Atlantic is only half as big as the Pacific， but still it is very large.

2) It is more than 4，000 miles wide where Columbus crossed it.

3) Even at its narrowest it is about 2，000 miles wide.

4) Also， it is the world's saltiest ocean.

5) The deepest spot is near Puerto Rico.

E.be one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞

The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.

F.it takes sb. some time to do sth.

It would take the ocean about 4，000 years to dry up.

地理名稱

1.(七)大洲和(四)大洋

Asia (亞洲) Europe(歐洲) Africa(非洲) North America(北美洲)

South America(南美洲) Oceania (大洋洲) the Antarctic(南極洲)

The Atlantic(大西洋) the Pacific(太平洋) the Indian(印度洋) the Arctic(北冰洋)

2.常用詞

continent (大陸) continental shelf(大陸架) subcontinent(次大陸) iceberg(冰山)

mountain range(山脈) volcano(火山) delta (三角洲) waterfall(瀑布)

gulf(海灣) straits; channel(海峽) coast line (海岸線) beach(海灘)

3. 大西洋之最

1) The Atlantic is the second largest ocean in the world

2) The Atlantic is the saltiest ocean in the world

3) Puerto Rico Trench is the deepest in the Atlantic Ocean.

4) Gulf Stream is the strongest warm water current in the Atlantic Ocean.

5) The Grand Banks near Newfoundland is the most prosperous fishing region in the world.

6) The drainage area of the Atlantic is four times that of the Pacific or the Indian.

2. 主要屬海和島嶼

the Mississippi 密西西比河 the Hudson 哈得遜河 the Amazon 亞馬遜河

the Congo 剛果河 Baffin Bay 巴芬灣 the Nigeria 尼日利亞河

the Rhine 萊茵河 the Caribbean Sea 加勒比海 the Mexican Gulf 墨西哥灣

the Hudson Bay 哈得遜灣 the Mediterranean Sea 地中海 the Black Sea 黑海

the North Sea 北海 the Baltic Sea 波羅的克海 Iceland 冰島

Greenland 格陵蘭島 Faeroe Islands 法羅群島 Shetland Islands 設(shè)得蘭島

Bermudas 百慕大群島 Azores 亞速爾群島 Grenada 格陵納達(dá)島

Antilles 安的列斯群島 Trinidad Islands 特里尼達(dá)群島 Malvinas Islands 馬爾維納斯群島

Bahamas 巴哈馬群島

Text B The Moon

短語(yǔ)表達(dá)

1. tie to(與…聯(lián)系在一起;使束縛于…)

He is seriously ill and has been tied to his bed for almost a month.　　(他病得厲害，已經(jīng)臥床近一個(gè)月了。)

Study ties smoking to many diseases.(據(jù)研究，許多疾病與抽煙有關(guān)。)

I am sorry I didn't have the time to go shopping with you. I was tied to housework.(很抱歉我沒(méi)能有時(shí)間和你一起去購(gòu)物，家務(wù)雜事把我拴住了。)

2. except for(除了…之外)

The room is empty except for some chairs.(房間里除了一些椅子空蕩蕩。)

Your composition is well written except for some spelling mistakes.(除了幾處拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤，你的文章寫(xiě)的不錯(cuò))

3. be near to(靠近)

The park is near to our school. Let's go boating.(公園離我們學(xué)校很近，我們?nèi)澊伞?

The police station is near to our community. It is within walking distance.

(警察局離我們社區(qū)很近，步行就能到達(dá)。)

4. face towards(朝向)

My office is in the building that faces towards the street.(我的辦公室在那座朝街的樓里。)

His new house faces towards the south.(他的新房子朝南。)

5. keep…in mind(把…記在心里)

I am not sure if he would keep what you have said in mind.　(我不能肯定他是否會(huì)把你說(shuō)的話記在心里。)

I will keep this in mind for future reference.(我會(huì)記住這個(gè)，供以后參考。)

6. light up(變亮;使容光煥發(fā))

Her face lighted up when she heard the news.(聽(tīng)到那個(gè)消息，她面露喜色。)

His face was lighted (lit) up with excitement.(他因興奮而滿面春風(fēng)。)

7. reflect(反射)

Mirrors reflect light.(鏡子反射光。)

The white sand reflected the sun's heat(白沙地反射太陽(yáng)的熱氣。)。

The light reflected from the water into my eyes.(光線投過(guò)水面反射到我眼里。)

8. …enough for sb. to do sth.(足以讓某人做某事)

The room is big enough for us to have a dancing party.　(這間房夠大了，我們可以在里面開(kāi)舞會(huì)。)

The basket is light enough for the little boy to carry.(這只籃子很輕，那個(gè)小男孩能提動(dòng)。)

9. speak of(提到，說(shuō)起)

I have never heard him speak of his past.(我從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)他提起他的過(guò)去。)

She always looks proud when she speaks of her son.　(說(shuō)到她的兒子她總是很自豪的樣子。)

10. otherwise(不然;另外的)

He reminded me of what I might otherwise have forgotten.　　(他提醒了我，不然我可能會(huì)忘記那件事。)

He is a little careless， but he is otherwise quite suitable for the job.(他有點(diǎn)粗心，除此以外，他倒是很適合這個(gè)工作的。)

He is honest， but his twin brother is otherwise.(他很誠(chéng)實(shí)，而他的孿生兄弟則不然。)

11. nothing but(僅僅，除了…之外沒(méi)有什么)

There is nothing but a piece of bread in the cupboard.(食櫥里除了一片面包什么也沒(méi)有。)

He asked for nothing but trust.(除了信任，他什么要求都沒(méi)有。)