2020全國英語等級考試三級閱讀試題（6）

After a long struggle for equality, it's no longer controversial in the United States that women are owed equal rights, equal dignity, equal protection of the law, and the same economic opportunities as men. Yet ・9 .考生如果怕自己錯(cuò)過考試報(bào)名時(shí)間和考試時(shí)間的話，可以 免費(fèi)預(yù)約短信提醒，屆時(shí)會以短信的方式提醒大家報(bào)名和考試時(shí)間。

disagreements remain about what that means in practice and how far Americans are from realizing that vision.

No one is quite sure if today's investors in Bitcoin or Ethereum or Iota will grow rich or lose everything. And that veil of ignorance is useful for thinking through a fraught question: Will it be unjust if there is a significant gender imbalance in investor losses or gains?

That outcome is almost certain. u Data on who holds the anonymous currencies are hard to find，" Hannah Kuchler explains in the Financial Times, "but Uphold, a virtual currency wallet service that does background checks on its users, says 75 percent are men, while Coin Dance, which tracks statistics on the bitcoin community, found 97 percent of engagement was from men. "Anne Gaviola of CBC News concurs. Figuring out exactly who is putting money into this kind of asset is difficult because part of the attraction of investing in the crypto realm is the assurance of anonymity,n she writes. "But survey after survey backs up what the anecdotal evidence suggests一women are underrepresented. v

Simply put, many more men are buying crypto than women. The combined market capitalization of all the currencies appears to exceed 300 billion dollars. And due to their greater participation in this extremely volatile and thus highly risky realm, men will likely wind up squandering(浪費(fèi)的)hundreds of billions of dollars more than women—or else, perhaps, enjoying hundreds of billions in additional wealth.

Our uncertainty about the outcome of this natural experiment presents an opportunity to probe questions of risk-taking, gender, and equity behind a veil of ignorance. If present trends persist and men in aggregate choose to risk much more than women, will an aggregate difference in gains or losses in this realm be just or unjust? Would it change your answer if cryptocurrencies upended the financial system and the balance of wealth rather than constituting a relatively small portion of it?

Whatever happens next to cryptocurrencies, it's hard to see how the outcome will be equitable. Hopefully the exercise of thinking all of this through can help folks on all sides of related questions—and undecided ,curious people like me——to clarify their own views, to understand others, and to think through outcomes that are likely in our future.

1. What is the author's view towards the gender equality?

A) It is impossible to achieve total equality within a society.

B) It has a long way to go to realize gender equality in practice.

C) Gender equality has been highlighted by the public.

D) Gender equality is no longer a controversy.

2. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that .

A) cryptocurrencies can bring men wealth

B) the majority of the wealth is owned by men

C) a larger percent of men are engaged in the crypto area

D) women are not allowed to invest in the crypto area

3. The expression "wind up" ( Line 3, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to .

A) end up with

B) take up

C) bring about

D) look forward to

4. The result of the experiment makes the author ponder .

A) how women can participate more in the crypto realm

B) what factors contribute to gender wealth gap

C) whether it is fair that fewer women are engaged in the crypto realm

D) whether women should cultivate their spirit of risking

5. In the last paragraph, the author shows his or her .

A) worries about the development of the crypto

B) vision about the development of the crypto

C) wishes that gender equality can be realized completely one day

D) expectation that more people can consider the possible solutions to crypto

參考答案：

漫長而艱苦的斗爭過后,女性和男性享有平等的地位———權(quán)利平等、尊嚴(yán)平等、法律保護(hù)平等、經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會平等———這在美國社會中已不再具有爭議性。 然而,這在實(shí)踐中意味著什么, 以及美國人距離實(shí)現(xiàn)這一愿景還有多遠(yuǎn),分歧依然存在。

沒人知道那些現(xiàn)在投資比特幣、以太坊、Iota 的人,以后會贏得盆滿缽滿,還是會輸?shù)醚緹o歸。 此種“ 無知之幕” 有助于人們思考一個(gè)令人疑惑的問題:無論盈虧,如果投資者的性別顯著失衡,這會不會不公平?

結(jié)果基本可以肯定。 漢娜· 庫赫勒在金融時(shí)報(bào)上這樣解釋道:“ 關(guān)于誰持有匿名貨幣的數(shù)據(jù)很難獲得,但是,Uphold( 前稱比特儲) 這家虛擬貨幣錢包服務(wù)公司對其用戶的背景進(jìn)行了調(diào)查,得出結(jié)論 75% 的持有者是男性。 同時(shí), Coin Dance 這家公司在比特幣社區(qū)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)跟蹤,發(fā)現(xiàn) 97% 的活動(dòng)參與是來自男性的。” 來自CBC 的安妮·加維奧拉同意這一觀點(diǎn)。 她寫道: “ 要搞清楚到底是誰把錢投到這類資產(chǎn)上比較困難,因?yàn)橥顿Y加密領(lǐng)域,其吸引力的一部分在于匿名保證。 但一遍遍的調(diào)研均證實(shí)了傳聞證據(jù)的可靠性———女性群體名額不足。”

簡而言之,從密碼貨幣的購買熱情來看,男性遠(yuǎn)高于女性。 目前市面上流通的貨幣價(jià)值大約 3 000 多億美元,且波動(dòng)劇烈、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)極高。 由于男性更積極地參與進(jìn)來, 最終可能導(dǎo)致兩種結(jié)果———較之于女性,男性要么會輸了數(shù)千億美元的身家;要么會額外收入數(shù)千億美元的財(cái)富。

這一自然實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的不確定性為我們提供了一個(gè)機(jī)會,來探究“ 無知之幕” 背后的冒險(xiǎn)、性別和公平問題。 如果目前的趨勢持續(xù)下 去,即男性比女性更傾于冒險(xiǎn),那么這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的收益或損失的總體差異是否公正? 如果加密貨幣顛覆了傳統(tǒng)金融體系和財(cái)富平衡,而非融入其中,化作較小的組成部分,你會因此改變答案嗎? 無論加密貨幣之后的發(fā)展何去何從,都看不

太出與“ 公平公正” 有什么聯(lián)系。 希望深入研究本問題后,有關(guān)各方( 包括像筆者這種好奇觀望的朋友) 可以理清思路,互相理解,共同思考加密貨幣未來的新出路。

1. 【答案】B)

【詳解】 判斷推理題。 根據(jù)第一段可知雖然

#FormatImgID_0#男人和女人在權(quán)利、尊嚴(yán)、法律、經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面實(shí)現(xiàn)了平等,但是在實(shí)際生活中距離男女平等的愿景還差很遠(yuǎn),因此應(yīng)選擇 B)。 A) “ 在社會中完全實(shí)現(xiàn)男女平等是不可能的”,作者未表達(dá)此意。 C) “ 公眾都非常重視男女平等” 文中未提到。 D) “ 性別平等不再是一個(gè)具有爭議性的話題” 與原文相反。

2. 【答案】C)

【詳解】 判斷推理題。 根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第三段,第三段中提到 75% 的匿名貨幣持有者是男性。 同時(shí),Coin Dance 這家公司在比特幣社區(qū)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)跟蹤,發(fā)現(xiàn) 97% 的活動(dòng)參與是來自男性。 因此可選擇 C)。 A)“ 加密貨幣能給男人帶來財(cái)富”,與原文不符,原文中提到可能會帶來財(cái)富,也可能會輸?shù)醚緹o歸。 B) “ 大部分財(cái)富掌握在男人手中” 文中未提到。 D) “ 女性不允許投資于加密貨幣” 與原文意思相反。

3. 【答案】A)

【詳解】 單詞題。 根據(jù)具體語境可知加密貨幣的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很高,最終有可能會導(dǎo)致兩種結(jié)果, 一種是會輸了自己的身家,另一種是可能會收入數(shù)億元的財(cái)富。 因此可知 wind up 意思是“ 以…… 結(jié)局”, 因此應(yīng)選擇 A)。 B) “ 從事”,C)“ 引起”,D)“ 期待” 均不合文意。

4. 【答案】C)

【詳解】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。 根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第五段,第五段中提到實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的不確定性為我們提供了一個(gè)機(jī)會, 來探究“ 無知之幕” 背后的冒險(xiǎn)、性別和公平問題。 如果目前的趨勢持續(xù)下去,即男性比女性更傾于冒險(xiǎn), 那么這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的收益或損失的總體差異是否公正? 因此本實(shí)驗(yàn)讓作者思索收益或者損失背后的男女公平性,因此應(yīng)選擇 C)。 A) “ 女性如何才能更多地參與到加密貨幣中”, B) “ 是什么原因?qū)е铝诵詣e財(cái)富差距”,D) “ 女性是否應(yīng)該培養(yǎng)冒險(xiǎn)精神” 均不合文意。

5. 【答案】D)

【詳解】 推理判斷題。 在最后一段中作者提到希望深入研究本問題后,有關(guān)各方( 包括像筆者這種好奇觀望的朋友) 可以理清思路,互相理解, 共同思考加密貨幣未來的新出路。因此可以看出作者期待更多的人能夠思考這一問題,因此應(yīng)選 D)。 A) “ 對加密貨幣未來發(fā)展的擔(dān)憂”,B) “ 對加密貨幣未來發(fā)展前景的展望”,C)“ 希望未來有一天能夠全面實(shí)現(xiàn)男女平等” 均不符合文意。

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