新概念英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：虛擬語(yǔ)氣

虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表達(dá)不可能或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，通常分為基本的三種形式。1. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬：

If + did / were + ..., ... would/ should/ could/ might + do (動(dòng)詞原形)

If I were you, I would go abroad at once. (I am not you.)

If he knew it now, he could help me. (He doesn't know it now.)2. 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬：

If + had done + ..., ... would (might) have done ...

If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you. (I didn't know your telephone number.)

If you had come here a little earlier just now, you might have met her. (You didn't come here earlier.)3. 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬：

(1) If + should + v., ... would + v. (可能性很小)(譯作“萬(wàn)一”)

If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home.

If I should fail, what should Ido?(2) If + did / were to + v ..., would + v. (完全不可能)

If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.

If you finished it in 3 minutes, I would give you my car.4. 金牌特殊重點(diǎn)[簡(jiǎn)單聯(lián)想記憶](méi)：

● 下列動(dòng)詞后的“賓語(yǔ)從句”中需要用虛擬形式，即should + 動(dòng)詞原形，shoud在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中要省略(TOEFL語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn))。此類常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：order, ask, decide, demand, require, recommend, suggest(建議), insist(堅(jiān)決要求), advise, etc.

He suggested that we (should) help them with English.

The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be finished within half an hour.● 下列名詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句中要用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”(should可省去)的虛擬。此類常見(jiàn)的名詞有：suggestion, order, request, demand, importance, proposal.

He made a suggestion that we (should) have a fancy dress party.

I think it is a thing of importance that it (should) be done soon.● It is / was important / necessary / natural / essential / advisable / strange / surprising, ect. + that +主語(yǔ)+ should + v.

It is strange that you should say such a thing.

It was important that you should tell me all the information.● wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，as if 后的狀語(yǔ)從句中，須用下列的虛擬形式：

主 + wish+ (that) + 主 + did / were(指現(xiàn)在)

had done(指過(guò)去)

would+ v.(指將來(lái))

I wish that I met my uncle now.

I wish I had met my uncle yesterday.

I wish I could meet my uncle tomorrow.● It is (high) time that ... + did / were ...

It is time that you went to bed.● would rather that ... + did / were ...

I would rather that you were not here now.● would sooner that ... + did / were ...

I would sooner that you got up earlier.

I would sooner that you were not my brother.