新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法精粹：主謂一致（上）

知識(shí)要點(diǎn)：在英語(yǔ)的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。如何判定，則要看句子的意思。多數(shù)情況下，根據(jù)句子的主語(yǔ)形式就能判定，但有的則要看整句的意思，及強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容。下面我們就常用的、易混的幾種情況作一下解釋。1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：

1)The book is on the table.

2)He is reading English.

3)To work hard is necessary.(It is necessary to work hard.)

4)How you get there is a problem.2、復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)跟復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如：Children like to play toys.3、在倒裝句中，動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和它后面的主語(yǔ)的數(shù)一致。如以here,there開頭，be 動(dòng)詞與后面第一個(gè)名詞一致。如：

1)There is a dog near the door.

2)There were no schools in this area before liberation.

3)Here comes the bus.

4)On the wall were two famous paintings.

5)Here is Mr Brown and his children.4、and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如果主語(yǔ)后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍與短語(yǔ)前的主語(yǔ)的形式保持一致。如：

1)Jane, Mary and I are good friends.

2)He and my father work in the same factory.

3)His sister, no less than you, is wrong.

4)The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.

5)He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.

6)Every picture except these two has been sold.

7)Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.

8)Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.

9)Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.5、并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。如：

1)The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow. 這位工人作家明天要來(lái)我們學(xué)校。

2)Bread and butter is their daily food. 面包和黃油是他們每日的食品。

3)The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow. 那位作家和那位工人明天將來(lái)我們學(xué)校。6、and連接的并列單數(shù)名詞前如有each, every, no, many a修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：

1)Every boy and girl has been invited to the party. 所有的孩子都被邀請(qǐng)參加這次聚會(huì)。

2)No teacher and no student is absent today. 今天沒有老師和學(xué)生缺席。

3)Many a student is busy with their lessons. 許許多多的學(xué)生都忙著復(fù)習(xí)他們的功課。7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

1)Each takes a cup of tea.

2)Either is correct.

3)Neither of them likes this picture.8、由every, some, any, no構(gòu)成的合成代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

1)Is everyone here?

2)Nothing is to be done. 沒有什么要干的事兒了。9、關(guān)系代詞who, that, which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：

1)Those who want to go please sign their names here.

2)Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.

3)He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.10、表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或短語(yǔ)作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。如：

1)Three years is not a long time.

2)Ten dollars is what he needs.

3)Five hundred miles is a long distance.11、復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞作為整體看待(如人名、地點(diǎn)、國(guó)家、組織、書籍、報(bào)刊等)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

1)The United States is in North America.

2)The United Nations has passed a resolution(決議)。

3)“The Arabian Nights”(《天方夜譚》)is an interesting book.