2015年職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ愅晷翁羁站毩?xí)(4)
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2015年職稱英語考試理工類完形填空練習(xí)(4)
Seeing Red Means Danger Ahead
The color red often means danger - and by paying attention, ( 1 ) can be prevented. At railroad crossings, flashing red fights warn cars to stay back. A red light at a traffic intersection tells cars to stop, so ( 2 ) don't run into other cars.
In the future, the color red also may help prevent danger ( 3 ) construction sites. Thanks to1 new work by engineers, bridge supports2 - or other kinds of materials - could one day contain a color-changing material. It will turn red ( 4 ) a structure collapses or falls ( 5) . A tiny molecule may make a big difference in future warning systems.
A polymer ( 6 ) a color-changing molecule called a mechanophore turns red seconds before it snaps3. The technology may one day allow damage to materials or structures4 to be easily ( 7 ) .
The secret behind the color-changing material is a particular type of molecule. A molecule is a group of atoms held together by ( 8 ) bonds. Molecules come in all shapes and sizes, and make up ( 9 ) you can see, touch or feel. How a molecule behaves depends on what kinds of atoms it contains, and how they're held together.
When a polymer containing a color-changing molecule called a mechanophore is about to breaks, it produces a color. When a polymer with mechanophore molecules becomes "injured" or ( 10 ) , one of the mechanophore bonds breaks and the material turns red. "It's a really simple detection method," says Nancy Sottos, one of the scientists who worked on the project. "We're ( 11 ) up this one bond, and it changes color." Sottos and her team tested the color-changing polymers in their lab. The test ( 12 ) proved encouraging.
There is a way to get rid of~ the red color: ( 13 ) . When a bright light is shone on the mechanophore, the broken bond is fixedrn and the red color disappears. This "self-healing" may be a problem for engineers. They need to use the color-changer in big construction projects that will be ( 14 ) , in sunlight. And sunlight will make the mechanophore's warning system useless.
Sottos and her fellow scientists still have ( 15 ) work to do before the color-changing molecules can. be used outside the lab.
詞匯:
crossing n.十字路口 mechanophore n.機(jī)械響應(yīng)性聚合物 intersection n.交叉路口
molecule n.分子 snap v.折斷,斷裂 polymer n.聚合物 atom n.原子
注釋:
1. Thanks to:多虧,由于
2. bridge supports:橋梁支柱
3. seconds before it snaps:聚合物斷裂前幾秒鐘。Seconds 修飾狀語從句 before it snaps。It 指代 polymer。
4. damage to materials or structures:材料或建筑物的損壞。to 是介詞。介詞短語 to materials or structures 修飾 damage。
5. is about to break:即將斷裂。be about to ( V)意為“剛剛,行將”。
6. get rid of:除去。
7. the broken bond is fixed:斷裂的鍵被修復(fù)。Fix 意為“修理,修復(fù)”。
練習(xí):
1 A measures B accidents C actions D collapses
2 A they B it C some D most
3 A with B over C at D in
4 A before B after C once D while
5 A together B behind C down D apart
6 A contacting B conducting C containing D considering
7 A controlled B spotted C repaired D changed
8 A technical B electronic C physical D chemical
9 A everything B something C nothing D anything
10 A weak B strong C tough D soft
11 A using B opening C turning D finishing
12 A laws B theories C tools D results
13 A air B electricity C light D sound
14 A aside B beside C inside D outside
15 A a part of B a pair of C a piece of D a lot of
答案與題解:
1. B 從第一句的“The color often means danger” 和“...can be prevented”所表達(dá) 的意思判斷,accidents 是答案。因?yàn)榇嬖?danger,就有可能出現(xiàn) accidents。因?yàn)橛辛思t 色預(yù)警信號(hào),accidents 就有可能 prevented。
2. A 本題的測(cè)試點(diǎn)是代詞。代詞所要指代的詞是 cars,它是復(fù)數(shù),所以代詞 they 是唯一 選擇。
3. C construction sites 前面的介詞要用 at。with, over 和 in 都不合適。
4. A 這兩段說,把一種能變色的化學(xué)物質(zhì)加在建筑材料中,當(dāng)建筑物斷裂之前,變色材料 會(huì)顯示紅色。所以,after 與上下文邏輯相悖。用了 once,句意變成“一旦建筑物斷裂,變 色材料會(huì)顯示紅色”,這不合邏輯,斷裂后才變色就是去了預(yù)警作用。While 也說不通,因 為“It will turn red while a structure collapses”的意思是“在建筑物倒塌期間,變 色材料會(huì)顯示紅”,斷裂后才顯示紅色已經(jīng)沒有意義了。所以,只有 before 才是答案。
5. D 要選 apart。fall apart 意為“破碎,破裂”。Collapses or falls apart 中的 or
意為“即”,所以,fall apart 與 collapse 同義。
6. C 從上下文所表達(dá)的意思判斷,本次要選的詞是 containing,即“含有(變色材料的 聚 合物 )”。其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng),即 contacting(接觸),conducting(進(jìn)行),considering(考 慮)都與句意搭不上。
7. B 建筑物斷裂之前,變色材料會(huì)顯示紅色。這種新技術(shù)的預(yù)警性很明顯,人們見到建筑 物出現(xiàn)紅色就知道有險(xiǎn)情。所以,spotted(發(fā)現(xiàn),認(rèn)出)是答案。
8. D 本段對(duì)變色材料為什么會(huì)變色的原理做出解釋,句中出現(xiàn) atoms,molecule 等。所以 變色是一種化學(xué)反應(yīng),不會(huì)是一種物理、電子或技術(shù)反應(yīng)。
9. A 本句的意思是:分子的大小和形狀構(gòu)成世界萬物,所以應(yīng)選 everything(每樣?xùn)|西, 即萬物)。
10. A 本句的意思是:含有 mechanophore 分子的聚合物“受傷”時(shí),mechanophore 中的一 個(gè)鍵就會(huì)斷開,于是它便呈現(xiàn)紅色。句中的 or 意為“即”,也就是說,緊接在 or 后面的詞 應(yīng)該是 injured 的同義詞,所以要選 weak。
11. B Sottos 和她的研究組進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn),斷開 mechanophore 的一個(gè)鍵,讓其呈現(xiàn)紅色。 Opening up 是“打開,斷開”的意思,與上下文意思相符,所以選 opening 是答案。Using up
(用完),turning up(出現(xiàn))或 finishing up(做完)與 bond 連用,意思都不對(duì)。
12. D 上文說到,Sottos 和她的研究組進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn),所以 test 后面的詞應(yīng)該是 results。 最后一個(gè)詞是 encouraging,也提示了 results 是答案。
13. C 本段第二句說,當(dāng)明亮的光線射到被斷開的化學(xué)鍵上,化學(xué)鍵就會(huì)被修復(fù),于是紅色
預(yù)警信號(hào)就消失了。第二句的 light 提示了第一句缺失的關(guān)鍵詞就是 light。
14. D 大型建筑物一半均是露天的。句末的 sunlight 提示了要選 sunlight。
15. D 紅色預(yù)警信號(hào)在陽光下是不會(huì)出現(xiàn)的。所以,如何能使紅色預(yù)警信號(hào)在室外也能顯現(xiàn) , 這是科學(xué)家今后研究的課題,而且研究的難度和工作量還很大。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,只有 a lot of 與上下文的意思對(duì)得上號(hào)。A part of(一部分)和 a pair of(一雙)明顯不合適。A piece of(一件)也不合邏輯。
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