2013職稱英語真題原文:BetterSolarEnergySystems:MoreHeatMoreLight

　環(huán)球網(wǎng)校2013年職稱英語考試押中文章一覽　　

理工A級(jí)

　　第十三篇 　

　Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light

(考題預(yù)測班第11講)

　　Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems,or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but___1___now they haven't been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That's because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells.which lets the silicon generate more ___2 __but isn’t a very efficient way to gather heat.

　　That's a problem of ____3_____. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a sustaintially lower___ 4 ___. And it's also a space problem : photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof,leaving little rood for thermal applications.

　　In a pair of studies,Joshua Pearce,an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a ___5___in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from ThinSilicon in Califomia and Michael Pathak and Siephen Harrison from Queen's University,Canada.

　　Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon,but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon,____6____known as thin-film silicon.They don’t creat as much electricity,but they are lighter,flexible,and cheaper. And,because they___7____much less silicon,they have a greener footprint.Unfortunately,thin-film silicon solar cells are_____8_____to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.

　　“That means that their efficiency ____9____when you expose them to light - pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell, " Pearce explains,which is one of the_____10____thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.

　　However,Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new _____11_____0f PVT.You don't have to cool down thin-film temperatures",near the boiling______12 _____0f water.they could make thicket cells that largely_____13____the Staebler-Wronski effect When they applied the thin-film silicon directly toa solar thennal energy____14____,they also found that by baking the cell once a day,they__15__the solar cell's elecuical efficiency by over 10 percent.

　　詞匯：

　　photovoltaic n.光電的 silicon n.硅

　　thermal adj.熱的，熱量的 amorphous adj.非晶形的

　　crystalline adj.晶體的 footprint n.足跡

　　注釋：

　　1 solar photovokaic thermal energy systems:太陽能光伏熱能系統(tǒng)

　　2 they:指代solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems.

　　3 stand-alone:單機(jī)的

　　4 crystalline silicon solar celis:晶體硅太陽能電池

　　5 which:指前半句中的to cool crystalline silicon solar cells這件事

　　6 room:空間

　　7 solar panels:太陽能電池板

　　8 amorphous silicon:非晶硅

　　9 thin-film silicon:薄膜硅

　　10.Staebler-Wronski Effect.SWE效應(yīng)。在光的照射下，非晶硅氫的導(dǎo)電性短時(shí)間內(nèi)顯著衰退，這種特陛被稱為SWF.效應(yīng)。

　　1l. pretty much:幾乎

　　12 the worst possible effect:最可能壞的效應(yīng)

　　13.¨engineer around:精心地設(shè)計(jì)以克服或繞過

　　14. solar-thermal operating temperatures:太陽熱能操作溫度

　　練習(xí)：

　　1 A unless B when C if D until

　　2 A electricity B magnetism C ultraviolet D radioactivity

　　3 A dynamics B geology C economics D biology

　　4 A reward B cost C bill D pay

　　5 A decision B solution C suggestion D qualification

　　6 A roughly B probably C commonly D specially

　　7 A retrieve B merge C exchange D require

　　8 A vulnerable B necessary C important D renewable

　　9 A works B counts C rises D drops

　　10.A restrictions B advances C reasons D strengths

　　11 A size B shape C type D brand

　　12.A area B point C place D extent

　　13 A overcame B promoted C improved D postponed

　　14 A transformer B adaptor C transmitter D collector

　　15 A boosted B defined C wasted D lower

　　答案與題解：

　　1.D 文章介紹最近科學(xué)家已經(jīng)完善r太陽能光伏熱能系統(tǒng)，現(xiàn)(+新型的太陽能系統(tǒng)自B將太陽能轉(zhuǎn)換為更多的電能和熱能。笫?段說明以往晶體硅太陽能電池在收集熱能方面效率很低。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有選用until才符合上下文的意思。“...until now they(太陽能光伏熱能系統(tǒng))haven't been very good at the heat-generatmg part cumpared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector”該句意為：與劃輞熱能單機(jī)集熱器相比，卣到現(xiàn)存，傳統(tǒng)太陽能光伏熱能系統(tǒng)在轉(zhuǎn)換熱能方面效率?直不是很高。

　　2.A本句說明了以往的太陽能光伏熱能系統(tǒng)存轉(zhuǎn)換熱能方向效率低的瓜幽，“to cool crystalline silicon solar cells(冷卻晶體硅太陽能電池)”能產(chǎn)生更多的電能，但不利于收集熱能。electricity是答案。

　　3. C從上一段和本段的意思判斷，收集熱能效率低下不會(huì)是―個(gè)動(dòng)力學(xué)( dynamics)問題，地質(zhì)( geology)問題或生物學(xué)(biology)問題。它是一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的問題。答案是economics。

　　4.B本句說，good solar hot-water systems在收獲能量方而比solar-eleclric system要好得多。從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的角度分析，成本就降低了，所以，選cost是對(duì)的。其他選項(xiàng)reward.hill和pay均不符合句意。

　　5. B 上一段說光伏電池系統(tǒng)有兩個(gè)問題，即經(jīng)濟(jì)問題和空間問題：Joshua Pcarce采用另外一種硅制造PVT來解決上述問題。通過上述分析可以看I…，他尋求的是一種解決問題的辦法( solution)，而不是個(gè)決定( decision)、一個(gè)建議(suggestion)或一種資格(qualification)

　　6 .C amorphous silicon(非品硅)即為thin-nlm silicon(薄膜硅)選擇roughly/probablyi wrongly( known as thin-nlm silicon)表達(dá)的意總部不合邏輯。選commonly才合理?！癮morphous silicon.commonly known as Lhin-film silicon"意為“非晶硅，通常被稱為薄膜硅”。

　　7. D新型的太陽能電池采用薄膜硅制造，電能的轉(zhuǎn)換量雖然不如晶體硅太陽能電池，L薄膜硅太陽能電池用硅量小，比較環(huán)保。本題應(yīng)選用reqUlre，理由是：require much less silicon與上下文的意思很連貫，而retrieve much less silicon(提取少得多的硅)，merge much less silicon(混合少得多的硅)或excha“ge much less silicon(交換少得多的硅)都講小通，意思離題太遠(yuǎn)。.

　　8. A bad-news physics是解題的關(guān)鍵詞。既然是bad-news physics，所連用的形容詞應(yīng)該是負(fù)面意義的詞。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有vulnerable(易受攻擊的)符合這個(gè)條件，所以是答案。

　　9 .D本段第一句說明vulnerable的具體情批。既然是vulnerable，efriciency 一定是drops，不會(huì)是rises efficiency works(效率起作用)或efficiency counts(效率有重要意義)都離題太遠(yuǎn)。

　　10.C薄膜硅太陽能電池效能低下，這是因。導(dǎo)致該產(chǎn)品市場占有份額很小-這是果。選reasons為答案很合理。

　　ll. C 為了克服SWE效應(yīng)，Pearce和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)悉心改進(jìn)光伏太陽熱能系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)。作者要寫的應(yīng)該是a new type of PTV(一種新型PVT)，不會(huì)是a new shape/size/brand PVT(一種新形狀的/新尺寸的/新品牌的PVT)。

　　12. B從上下文判斷，答案應(yīng)該是point。將thin-film silicon加熱到solar-thermal operating temperatures就是加熱到near the boiling point of water(臨近水的沸點(diǎn))一其他選項(xiàng)area， place和extent均不切題。

　　13.A 從上下文判斷，采用加熱t(yī)hin-film silicon的方法，就能消除SWE效應(yīng)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有overcame表達(dá)了這層意思。

　　14. D答案是collector，因?yàn)閟olar thermal energy collector(太陽能集熱器)與上下文的意思接得上，意為“當(dāng)把薄膜硅直接應(yīng)用于太陽能集熱器時(shí)”。其他選項(xiàng)均與上下文不符。

　　15. A文章最后一段介紹研究人員克服SWE效應(yīng)，提高了將太陽能轉(zhuǎn)換為電能的效率，所以.將最后一句的"by 10 percent"理解為“提高”而不是“降低"10%才合乎邏輯。答案是boosted。

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