2012年職稱英語考試試題及答案-衛(wèi)生類C級閱讀理解

　　2012年職稱英語考試已經(jīng)結(jié)束，環(huán)球網(wǎng)校整理發(fā)布2012年職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類C級(試卷代碼33)試題及答案，敬請關(guān)注!

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Genetic Engineering

　　Genetic engineering began when the DNA molecule(分子), the most basic unit of life, was first described in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick. An understanding of DNA led to the altering of normal cell reproduction. Experiments with altering human cells began in 1970. In one of the first experiments, patients were injected with a virus that would produce a life-saving enzyme, but their bodies would not accept it. In 1980 patients with a rare but fatal blood disease were injected with a purified gene that was cloned through DNA technology. Another failure.

　　Genetic engineering got a legal boost(激勵) in 1980. The U.S. Supreme Court said that a patent could be granted on a genetically engineered "oil-eating" bacterium(細(xì)菌). This bacterium would help clean up oil spills. The ruling encouraged companies to invent new life forms, and three important medical products were quickly developed.

　　l Human interferon(干擾素)-- a possible solution to some cancers and viral disease. A newly engineered bacterium produced human interferon as a by-product. This new product reduced the cost of interferon.

　　l Human growth hormone-- for children whose bodies do not grow to normal height. An expensive growth hormone(荷爾蒙) was previously produced from human cadavers, but by changing the genetic make-up of the single-cell bacterium E. coli, and affordable growth hormone could be produced.

　　l Human insulin(胰島素)-- for the treatment of diabetes. People with diabetes used to rely on a beef- or pork-based product until 1982. Now insulin can be manufactured by genetically altered bacteria.

　　Advances in genetic engineering have continued, though they constantly must be weighted against the safety of procedures. There is clearly much more to discover.

　　31. This passage is mainly about

　　A. the effects of altering cells.

　　B. the human growth hormone.

　　C. insulin resistance.

　　D. U.S. Supreme Court rulings.

　　【參考答案】：A

　　32. Genetic enginerring may be defined as

　　A. the altering of normal cell reproduction

　　B. a branch of applied chemistry.

　　C. a procedure that holds little promise.

　　D. a study on life-saving enzymes.

　　【參考答案】：A

　　33. According to the passage, human interferon

　　A. is a hormone that causes disease.

　　B. could be used to treat cancer.

　　C. is a viral disease

　　D. has been cured

　　【參考答案】：B

　　34. In this passage, the three genetically engineered medical products are presented

　　A. as a process.

　　B. in a simple list.

　　C. from earliest to latest.

　　D.as a story.

　　【參考答案】：B

　　35. In the last paragraph, the word "weighed" has the cloest meaning with

　　A. had great influence

　　B. became a burden.

　　C. considered carefully.

　　D. measured accurately.

　　【參考答案】：C

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•環(huán)球么建華教授獨(dú)家解析2012年職稱英語考試
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 　　2012年職稱英語考試已經(jīng)結(jié)束，環(huán)球網(wǎng)校整理發(fā)布2012年職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類C級(試卷代碼33)試題及答案，敬請關(guān)注!

環(huán)球網(wǎng)校2012年職稱英語考試押中45分原題，么建華教授獨(dú)家解析2012年職稱英語考試

Puerto Rican Cuisine(菜肴)

　　Puerto Rico, a Caribbean (加勒比海區(qū)) island rich in history and remarkable natural beauty, has a cuisine all its own. Immigration(移民) to the island has helped to shape its cuisine, with people from all over the world making various contributions to it. However, before the arrival of these immigrants, the Taino people lived on the island of Puerto Rico. Taino cuisine included such foods as rodents (嚙齒動物), fresh shellfish and fish fried in corn oil.

　　Many aspects of Taino cuisine continue today in Puerto Rican cooking, but it has been heavily influenced by the Spanish, who invaded Puerto Rico in 1508, and Africans, who were initially brought to Puerto Rico to work as slaves. Taino cooking styles were mixed with ideas brought by the Spanish and Africans to create new dishes. The Spanish extended food choices by bringing cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep to the island. Africans also added to the island's food culture by introducing powerful, contrasting tastes in dishes. In fact, much of the food Puerto Rico is now famous for - coffee, coconuts, and oranges - was actually imported by foreigners to the island.

　　A common assumption many people make about Puerto Rican food is that it is very spicy(辛辣的). lt's true that chili peppers are popular; aij caballero in particular is a very hot chili pepper that Puerto Ricans enjoy. However, milder(微辣的) tastes are popular too, such as sofrito. As the base of many Puerto Rican dishes, sofrito is a sauce made from chopped onions, green bell peppers, sweet chili peppers, and a handful of other spices. It is fried in oil and then added to other dishes.

　　36、who lived in Puerto Rico first

　　A.the Africans

　　B.the Spanish

　　C.the Americans

　　D.the Taino people

　　【參考答案】：D

　　37、In the first paragraph the word “it” refers to

　　A.immigration

　　B.Caribbean history

　　C.the island’s natural beauty

　　D.Puerto Rican cuisine

　　【參考答案】：D

　　38、what is the main idea of the second paragraph?

　　A.Taino dishes are important in Puerto Rican cooking

　　B.Food imported by foreigners isn’t really Puerto Rican

　　C.Puerto Rican cooking has many outside influences

　　D.African foods have probably had the most influence

　　【參考答案】：C

　　39、How is sofrito used?

　　A.It is eaten before meals

　　B.It is added to other dishes

　　C.It is used where foods are too spicy

　　D.It is eaten as a main dish

　　【參考答案】：B

　　40、 which of the following is NOT true?

　　A.softito is a type of extremely spicy food

　　B.Many people think Puerto Rican food is spicy

　　C.Puerto Rican cuisine uses a lot of chili peppers

　　D.Aij caballero is a type of chile pepper

　　【參考答案】：A

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•2013年全國職稱英語等級考試網(wǎng)絡(luò)輔導(dǎo)招生簡章
•2012年全國職稱英語成績查詢時間及短息提醒預(yù)定
•環(huán)球么建華教授獨(dú)家解析2012年職稱英語考試
•環(huán)球網(wǎng)校2012年職稱英語考試押中45分原題
•環(huán)球首發(fā)2012年職稱英語考試真題與答案匯總

      環(huán)球網(wǎng)校2012年職稱英語考試押中45分原題，么建華教授獨(dú)家解析2012年職稱英語考試

Eat Healthy

　　"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate club1!’’ Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, it’s accompanied by an appeal： “Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!2" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites3. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.

　　According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story.4 Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.

　　Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University; told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began (o grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.

　　Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can’t afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.

　　It’s not that working class Americans don’t want to eat healthy. It’s just that, "after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal.5 They live frompaycheck to paycheck, happy to save a little money for next year’s Christmas presents.

　　詞匯：

　　orphan n.孤兒

　　belly n.肚子

　　nutrition n.營養(yǎng)

　　waistline n.腰圍

　　paycheck n.薪金支票

　　練習(xí)：

　　1. Parents in the United States tend to ask their children

　　A to save food.

　　B to wash the dishes.

　　C not to waste food.

　　D not to eat too much.

　　2. Why do American restaurants serve large portions?

　　A Because Americans associate quantity with value.

　　B Because Americans have big bellies.

　　C Because Americans are good eaters.

　　D Because Americans are greedy.

　　3.What happened in the 1970s?

　　A The US government recommended the amount of food a restaurant gave to a customer.

　　B Health experts persuaded restaurants to serve smaller portions.

　　C The United States produced more grain than needed.

　　D The American waistline started to expand.

　　4.What does the survey indicate?

　　A Many poor Americans want large portions.

　　B Twenty percent Americans want smaller portions.

　　C Fifty seven percent Americans earn $150,000 per year.

　　D Twenty three percent Americans earn less than $25,000 per year.

　　5.Which of the following is Not true of working class Americans?

　　A They work long hours.

　　B They live from paycheck to paycheck.

　　C They don’t want to be healthy eaters.

　　 D They want to save money for their children.

　　注釋：

　　1. Be a member of the clean -plate club!做清盤俱樂部的成員

　　2. Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!只要想想在非洲挨餓的孤兒們!

　　3. take too many bites 吃得太多

　　4. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story.根據(jù)《今日美國》刊登的一個故事,服務(wù)員給每個顧客一盤飯菜,其量是政府推薦的2至4倍。

　　5. It’s just that, after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal.事情是這樣的，美國工人覺得做許多個小時低收入的工作下來,盤子里的飯菜量小有點(diǎn)不合算。

　　答案與題解：

　　1. C本題問的是：美國父母總是叫他們的孩子干什么?文章開頭說到,每個美國孩子都能從父母或爺爺奶奶那里聽到這樣的話,“吃光你盤子里的東西”，“做?盤俱樂部的成員”。這些話表達(dá)的意思就是不要浪費(fèi)糧食。因此C是正確的答案。

　　2. A本題問的是：美國飯館為什么飯菜給得多?第二段相關(guān)的話是這么說的：美國人在傳統(tǒng) 上把東西值不值是跟數(shù)量聯(lián)系在一起,因此大多數(shù)的飯館給的量大。這些飯館樂于讓顧客 們抱怨飯菜給得太多而不樂于讓他們抱怨飯菜給得太少。所以A是正確的答案。

　　3. D本題問的是:20世紀(jì)70年代發(fā)生了什么?文章第三段是這樣說的：一位賓州大學(xué)營養(yǎng) 教授,Barbara Rolls，告訴《今日美國》20世紀(jì)70年代飯館給的飯菜的量開始增加，與此同 時,美國人的腰圍也開始增大。所以D是對的。

　　4. A本題問的是：調(diào)查報告說明了什么?選項B，C和D所說的數(shù)字不對。因此唯有A是正確的。A說的是：許多美國窮人希望量大。這個信息可以在第四段中找到。相關(guān)的句子是 這么說的：許多吃不起精美正餐的美國人仍然要量大。

　　5. C本題問的是:下面的哪一種說法不符合美國工人的實(shí)際情況? C說的是：他們不想做吃 得健康的人。這個說法是不對的。最后一段的第一句話是這么說的:美國工人不是不想做 吃得健康的人。因此C正確。

　　譯文：

　　健康飲食

　　“把盤子里的東西吃完了!”“要成為一名清盤俱樂部的成員!”幾乎每一個美國小孩都會聽到父母親或祖父母這樣的嘮叨。父母親或祖父母們還經(jīng)常會加上一句懇求的話：“想想

　　那些饑餓的非洲孤兒吧，多可憐啊!”我們的確應(yīng)該為每一口食物充滿感激。但不幸的是，很多美國人吃得太多了。也許我們應(yīng)該為明天節(jié)約一些糧食，而不足堅持“把盤子里的東西吃完”。

　　據(jù)新聞報導(dǎo)，美國的餐館應(yīng)該為美國人日益增大的肚腩負(fù)――部分責(zé)任�！督袢彰绹�》刊登的一個故事，服務(wù)員給每個顧客提供的一盤食物的量是政府推薦的二至四倍。美國人傳

　　統(tǒng)的認(rèn)為有量才有質(zhì)，所以大多數(shù)餐館都試圖迎合顧客們的這一想法。他們寧愿被抱怨提供了過多的食物也不愿意被投訴提供的食物太少。

　　芭芭拉•羅爾斯是賓夕法尼亞州立大學(xué)的一位營養(yǎng)學(xué)教授。在接受《今日美國》采訪時她說道：“從20世紀(jì)70年代起，美國的餐館就開始提供越來越大份的食物;也就是從這個時候起，美國人的腰圍也變得越來越粗了�！�

　　健康老師已經(jīng)試著讓很多餐館提供份量小一些的食物。顯然，現(xiàn)在很多顧客也為此而呼吁。據(jù)《QSR雜志》(美國的一份餐飲業(yè)經(jīng)營雜志)報道：在上個月對4000多人所做的一次調(diào)查中，有57%的人認(rèn)為餐館提供的食物份量太大了，23%的人沒有發(fā)表看法，還有 20%的人不同意此看法。但是再仔細(xì)看看調(diào)查結(jié)果，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)很多買不起精美菜肴的美 國人還是喜歡買大份量食物。在年收入15萬美元以上的人群中，70%的人更愿意買份量小一點(diǎn)的食物：但在年收入少于2.5萬美元的人群中，只有45%的人愿意買份量小一點(diǎn)的食物。

　　事情是這樣的，不是美國的工人不想吃的健康一點(diǎn)，而是美國工人覺得做許多個小時低收入的工種下來，盤子里的飯菜量小有點(diǎn)不合算。他們是指望薪金支票過日子的，希望能為來年的圣誕節(jié)節(jié)約一些錢來買圣誕禮物。

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•2013年全國職稱英語等級考試網(wǎng)絡(luò)輔導(dǎo)招生簡章
•2012年全國職稱英語成績查詢時間及短息提醒預(yù)定
•環(huán)球么建華教授獨(dú)家解析2012年職稱英語考試
•環(huán)球網(wǎng)校2012年職稱英語考試押中45分原題
•環(huán)球首發(fā)2012年職稱英語考試真題與答案匯總