2013年職稱英語理工類閱讀判斷試題及答案(一)

　　Plants and mankind

　　Botany, the study of plants ,occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. we don’t know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist ,a detailed learning of plants and their properities must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. they have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools , dyes, medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plans and know many properities of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge ”at all.

　　Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple , or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on , humans would increasing take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.

　　練習(xí)：

　　1、It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properities must be extremely ancient.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned?

　　2、people cannot survine without plants.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned?

　　3、Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned?

　　4、our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned?

　　5、today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned?

　　6、people living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000 years ago.?

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned?

　　7、once mankind began farming , they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　答案解析：

　　1 A 文章第一段第三句話中的指示詞“this”是指上一句話中的陳述，即“關(guān)于植物及其特點的詳細(xì)知識一定由來已久”。

　　2 A 第二段講到植物對于人類而言是極為重要的，為人類提供了食物、衣服、工具、藥物等生活必需品。

　　3 B 第一段結(jié)尾部分提到現(xiàn)今仍生活在亞馬遜叢林中的部落能識別成百上千種植物及其特性，但在他們的詞匯中還沒有“植物學(xué)”這個詞，甚至有可能不承認(rèn)“植物學(xué)”是專門知識。因此在學(xué)校中不可能設(shè)該課。

　　4 B 第二段第一句話說工業(yè)化的程度很高，我們與植物的直接接觸就越少。

　　5 B 第二段中說人們無意識的獲得了大量植物學(xué)知識，由此可以推出這些知識不是從該教科書中獲得的。

　　6 A 第二段提到當(dāng)生活在大約一萬年前中東地區(qū)的人們發(fā)現(xiàn)從某些禾本植物中可以收獲糧食、并且播種后一個收獲季節(jié)還能產(chǎn)生更多的糧食時，農(nóng)業(yè)就出現(xiàn)了。

　　7 B 第二段末尾講從大約一萬年前開始從事農(nóng)耕時起，人們逐漸得停止采食野果，這是因為萌芽時期的農(nóng)耕技術(shù)還十分落后，人們還不能從中獲得足夠的食物。

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