職稱英語(yǔ)理工類復(fù)習(xí)資料（四）

    Will Quality Eat up the US Lead in Software?

　　1. What country has more highest-rating companies in the world than any other country has?

　　Will Quality Eat up the US Lead in Software?

　　1. If U.S. software companies don't pay more attention to quality, they could kiss their business good-bye. Both India and Brazil are developing a world-class software industry. Their weapon is quality and one of their jobs is to attract the top US quality specialist whose voices are not listened to in their country.

　　2. Already, of the world's 12 software houses that have earned the highest rating in the world, seven are in India.

　　1. What country has more highest-rating companies in the world than any other country has?s

　　A. Germany.

　　B. The U.S.s

　　C. Brazil

　　D. India

　　「答案」：D

　　2. Which of the following statements about Humphrey is true?

　　That's largely(=mainly)because they have used new methodologies rejected by American software specialists. For example, for decades, quality specialists, W. Edwards Deming and J. M. Juran had urged (=strongly advise)US software companies to change their attitudes to quality. But their quality call mainly fell on deaf ears in the US─ but not in Japan. By the 1970s and 1980s,Japan was grabbing market share with better, cheaper products. They used Deming's and Juran's ideas to bring down(=reduce)the cost of good quality to as little as 5% of total production costs. In US factories, the cost of quality then was 10 times as high: 50%. In software, it still is.

　　3. Watts S. Humphrey spent 27 years at IBM heading up software production and then quality assurance. But his advice was seldom paid attention to. He retired from IBM in 1986. In 1987, he worked out a system for assessing and improving software quality. It has proved its value time and again. For example, in 1990 the cost of quality at Raytheon Electronics Systems was almost 60% of total software production costs. It fell to 15% in 1996 and has since further dropped to below 10%.

　　assess 評(píng)價(jià)

　　improve 改善，提高

　　4. Like Deming and Juran, Humphrey seems to be winning more praises overseas than at home.The Indian government and several companies have just founded the Wattts Humphrey Software Quality Institute at the SoftwareTechnologyPark in Chennai, India.

　　課文講解(2)～(5)題

　　2. Which of the following statements about Humphrey is true?

　　A. He is now still an IBM employer.

　　B. He has worked for IBM for 37 years.

　　C. The US pays much attention to his quality advice.

　　D. India honors him highly.

　　「答案」：D

　　3. By what means did Japan grab its large market share by the 1970s and the 1980s?

　　A. Its products were cheaper in price and better in quality.

　　B. Its advertising was most successful.

　　C. The US software industry was lagging behind.

　　D. Japan hired a lot of Indian software specialists.

　　「答案」：A

　　4. What does the founding of the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute symbolize?

　　A. It symbolizes the US determination to move ahead with its software.

　　B. It symbolizes the Indian ambition to take the lead in software.

　　C. It symbolizes the Japanese efforts to solve the software quality problem.

　　D. It symbolizes the Chinese policy on improving software.

　　「答案」：B

　　Let's hope that U.S Lead in software will not be eaten up by its quality problems.

　　5. What is the writer worrying about?

　　A. Many US software specialists are working for Japan.

　　B. The quality problem has become a worldwide problem.

　　C. The US will no longer be the first software player in the world.

　　D. India and Japan are joining hands to compete with the US.

　　「答案」：C

　　評(píng)析：第二題所對(duì)應(yīng)的原文本應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在第三題所對(duì)應(yīng)的原文的前面，但卻出現(xiàn)了相反的情況，即第二題所對(duì)應(yīng)的原文出現(xiàn)在了第三題所對(duì)應(yīng)的原文的后面。當(dāng)試題的出題順序與文章的行進(jìn)順序不一致時(shí)，重點(diǎn)是要抓住關(guān)鍵詞，在它的上一段或下一段尋找答案。但是這種情況在職稱英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的考試中很少出現(xiàn)。

　　回顧：解答閱讀理解中的細(xì)節(jié)題的三個(gè)原則：

　　1)先看試題，后讀原文。

　　2)一般來(lái)說(shuō)，試題的出題順序和文章的敘述順序存在高度的一致性，所以可以對(duì)試題在原文中的位置進(jìn)行模糊定位。

　　3)尋找、抓住問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵詞和標(biāo)志詞(標(biāo)志詞是指表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物的名稱的詞;關(guān)鍵詞是指涉及問(wèn)題主要內(nèi)容的中心詞)，從而對(duì)試題在原文中的位置進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確定位。

    更多職稱英語(yǔ)信息請(qǐng)關(guān)注:

    環(huán)球網(wǎng)校2009年職稱英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試網(wǎng)上輔導(dǎo)方案介紹
    環(huán)球網(wǎng)校職稱英語(yǔ)頻道
    百度職稱英語(yǔ)