職稱英語語法復習綜合訓練

一． 關鍵句型

1.it 作先行主語和先行賓語的一些句型
She had said what it was necessary to say.

2.強調(diào)句型
It is not who rule us that is important, but how he rules us.

3.all + 抽象名詞或抽象名詞 + itself(very + 形容詞)
He was all gentleness to her.

4.利用詞匯重復表示強調(diào)
A crime is a crime.

5.something (much) of 和 nothing (little) of
something of .相當于 to some extent, 表示程度，在疑問句或條件從句中，則為anything of, 可譯為“有點”，“略微”等。nothing (little) of 譯為“毫無”，“全無”。Much of 譯為“大有”，not much of 可譯為“算不上”，“稱不上”?！發(fā)ittle of”可譯為“幾乎無”。Something like譯為“有點像， 略似”。
如：They say the he lad no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.

6.同格名詞修飾是指of 前后的兩個名詞都指同一個人或物，of 以及它前面的名詞
如：her old sharper of a father.
她那騙子般的父親。
Those pigs of girls eat so much.

7.as…as…can (may) be
It is as plain as plain can be.

8.It is in (with) …as in(with)
It is in life as in a journey.

9.as good as… 相等于，就像，幾乎如；實際上，其實，實在
The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.

10.many as well…as和might as well…as
many as well…as與其……不如……，更好，以這樣做……為宜，如同……，也可以……；might as well …as (表示不可能的事) 猶如……，可與……一樣荒唐，與其那樣不如這樣的好等。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.

11.to make…of 使…..成為……，把……當作
I will make a scientist of my son.

12.too… + 不定式，not (never) too… + 不定式，too…not + 不定式
She is too angry to speak.

13.only (not, all, but, never) too…to do so 和 too ready (apt) + to do
這兩個結(jié)構中，不定式?jīng)]有否定意義，凡是not, all, but + too…to, 不定式都失去了否定意義。在too ready (apt) + to do結(jié)構中，不定式也沒有否定意義。
You know but too yell to hold your tongue.

14.no more…than…
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.

15.not so much…as和not so much as…
not so much…as=not so much as…,與其說是……毋須說是……。其中as有時可換用but rather. Not so much as=without (not)even,甚至……還沒有。
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.

16.Nothing is more…than和Nothing is so…as
Nothing is more…than和Nothing is so…as 都具有最高級比較的意思，Nothing可換用no, nobody, nowhere, little, few, hardly, scarcely 等，可譯為“沒有……比……更為”，“像……再沒有了”，“最……”等。
Nothing is more precious than time.

17.cannot… to…
cannot…to…意為It is impossible to overdo…無論怎樣……也不算過分。Not 可換用hardly, scarcely等，too 可換用enough, sufficient等。
You cannot be too careful.

18.否定 + but
在否定詞后面的but,具有which not, who not, that not,等否定意義，構成前后的雙重否定。可譯成“沒有……不是”或“……都……”等。
Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.

19.否定 + until (till)
在否定詞no, not, never, little, few, seldom等的后邊所接用的until/till,多數(shù)情況下譯為“直到……才……”，把否定譯為肯定。
Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.

20.not so…but 和 not such a…but
這兩個結(jié)構和否定 + but 結(jié)構差不多，不同之點是這兩個結(jié)構中的but是含有that…not意味的連續(xù)詞，表示程度?？勺g為“還沒有到不能做……的程度”，“并不是……不……”，“無論怎樣……也不是不能……”等。
He is not so sick but he can come to school.

21.疑問詞 + should…but
這個結(jié)構表示過去的意外的事，意為none…but, 可譯為除了……還有誰會……，“豈料”，“想不到……竟是……”等。
Who should write it but himself?

22.who knows but (that)…和 who could should…but
這個結(jié)構是反問形式，一般意譯為“多半”，“亦為可知”等，有時也可直譯。
Who knows but (that) he may go?

23.祈使句 + and 和祈使句 + or
祈使句 + and 表示 if…you…;祈使句 + or 表示 if…not…, you.
Add love to a house and you have a home. Add righteousness to a city and you have a community. Add truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school.

24.名詞 + and
在這個結(jié)構中，名詞等于狀語從句，或表示條件，或表示時間。
A word, and he would lose his temper.

25.as…, so…
這里的 so 的意思是 in the same way (也是如此)，此結(jié)構表明兩個概念在程度和關系上相似。
As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart.

26.if any
if any 和 if ever,意思是“果真有……”，“即使有……”，表示加強語氣。與此類似的還有 if anything (如有不同的話，如果稍有區(qū)別)，if a day (= at least, 至少)。
There is little, if any, hope.

27.be it ever (never) so 和 let it be ever (never) so
這兩個結(jié)構中，be it 中的 be 是古英語假設語氣的遺留形式，現(xiàn)代英語則使用 let it be. Ever so 和 never so 都表示同一意思，都表示very.
Be it ever so humble (let it be ever so humble), home is home.

28.the last + 不定式和the last +定語從句
這兩種結(jié)構中的last意思是the least likely,用于否定性推論?？勺g為“最不大可能的”，“最不合適的”，由原意的“最后一個……”變成“最不可能……的一個”。
He is the last man to accept a bride.

29.so… that…
這個句型的意思是“如此……，以至于……”，但在翻譯成漢語時，常變通表達其含義。
He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.

30.more + than +原級形容詞（副詞）
這種結(jié)構是將不同性質(zhì)加以比較，其中的more 有rather 的意思。
It is more than probable that he will fall.

31.more than + 動詞
這種結(jié)構表示動詞的程度，可譯為“異?！保柏M止”，“十二分地”等。
This more than satisfied me.

32.good and…的副詞用法
這種結(jié)構可譯為“非?！?，“很”等。類似還有nice and …, fine and …, lovely and …, bright and …, rare and …, big and ...等，均表示程度。
The apples are good and ripe.

33.and that
這個and that 應譯為“而且……”，表示對它前面陳述部分的語氣加強，that代表前面的整個陳述部分。
Return to your work, and that at once.

34.at once…and
這個結(jié)構譯為“既……又……”，起相關連接的作用，相當于 both…and…
The novel is at once pleasing and instructive.

35.in that…
這個結(jié)構的意思是“在那一點上（方面）”，還可譯為“因為”。類似的結(jié)構還有in this…。
The budget is unrealistic in that it disregards increased costs.

36.the name notwithstanding
這個結(jié)構中notwithstanding是介詞，可以置前也可以置后，如可寫成：notwithstand-ing the name. 起讓步狀語的作用。

Some people think of the storage battery as a sort of condenser where electricity is stored. But this is an entirely wrong conception, the name notwithstanding.

37.every…not 和all…not
every…not表示“不見得每個……都是……“；all…not表示”不見得所有……都是……“。
Every man is not polite, and all ate not born gentlemen.

38.may as well not…as
此結(jié)構可譯為“與其……不如……“。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly.

39.have only to …do
此結(jié)構表示“只須（消）……就能……”。
We have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery made by Edison to see the signify-cance of it.

40.not (no) …unless…
No increase in output can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed.

41.better… than…
Better my life should be ended by their hate, than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love.

42.as it were
這是一個常用的插入語，意思是“好像”，“可以說”等。
Apiece of iron near a magnet, though apparently separate from it, feels, as it were, the threads of this attachment.

43.復雜結(jié)構
在下面例句中，由于anyone 的定語從句過長，把謂語must realize 提到定語從句之前。
Though faith and confidence are surely more or less foreign to my nature, I do not infer-quently find myself looking to them to be able, diligent, candid, and even honest. Plainly e-nough, that is too large an order, as anyone must realize who reflects upon the manner in which they reach public office.

44.not.. any more than…
可譯為“不能……，正如不能……”。
One cannot learn to sketch and express himself graphically only by reading about it any more than one can learn to swim while standing by the pool.

45.by that as it may
它是let it be that as it may 的省略形式，是由be引起的另外一種假設結(jié)構，意思是“雖然如此，盡管這樣”。

It is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a new product from an improved formula. Be that as it may, the nerve poi-son does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison.

46.if at all
這是一個由if引起的主謂結(jié)構不完整的短句，意為“即將……”，“即使……”等。
I can see only with great difficulty, if at all.

47.由there 引起的句型容易產(chǎn)生復雜的句子結(jié)構
There have been opened up to the vast and excellent science, in which my work is the beginning, ways and means by which other minds more accurate than which will explore its remote corners.

48.range from…to…
這是一個常見結(jié)構，譯時很多情況下應變通處理，不能完全依靠辭典上的釋義。
Computer applications range from an assembly line completely run by computers to a children toy responding to remote signals.

49.the way…
I always thought she was a common-sense person who discussed things the way they ought to be discussed.

50.復雜賓補結(jié)構
In recent years, the development of sensitive and accurate measuring equipment has made it possible to measure the acuity of hearing of any individual at different frequencies.

51.某些分隔結(jié)構
1）動詞短語相關部分被分隔（當 make use of, take notice of, pay attention to, 等動詞短語變成被動語態(tài)時）
Use is made of solar energy in heating houses.
2）雙重定語引起的分隔
But there is of culture another view, in which not solely the scientific passion, the sheer desire to see things as they are, natural and proper in an intelligent being, appears as the ground of it.

52.to be doing…when…
這個句型，多譯為“某人正在做……時”，“突然……”。在簡單的句子中容易看出，一旦句子變得復雜一些，可能就不太容易識別這種句型。
She said she and a friend had gone out to dinner that night, and were walking home to-gether at about 10 o’clock, when a “very big, very tall man”, accosted them and demanded their purses.

53.too…to…
Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to the grandeur of each day,too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all.

54.so much that…
But he developed gradually a very musical English. He learnt to write sentences that fall away on the ear with a misty languor and it delighted him so much that he could never have enough of it.

55.when 引導狀語從句
不能一看到when 從句就考慮譯為“當……的時候”，它還有許多種譯法。
Anything is better than not to write clearly. There is nothing to be said against lucidity, and against simplicity only the possibility of dryness. This is a risk that is well worth taking when you reflect how much better it is to be hold than to wear a curly wig.

56.not …because…
這個結(jié)構中，not有時可否定前面，有時可否定because 本身，容易出現(xiàn)歧義，應根據(jù)上下問面判定。
In 1600 the earth was not the center of the universe because the majority then supposed it was; nor, because she had more readers, was Ella wheeler Wilcox a better poet then Fa-ther Hopkins.

57.so… that, such…that
這是一個普通的句型，但在同一個句子里有兩處使用它卻比較少見。
The truth is, that in one point of view, this matter of national literature has come to such a pass with us, that in some sense we must turn bullies, else the day is lost, or superi-ority so far beyond us, that we can hardly say it will ever be ours.

58.by doing…
這個結(jié)構的意思是“通過（做）……”，但翻譯實踐中不能拘泥于這種釋義，需要靈活變通。
The hippos, by depositing dung in the water, fed the fish that support the storks that destroy the rare trees.

59.翻譯復雜句時，倒裝成分位置處理
下面例句為一倒裝句，主語很長，而且又含有非常復雜的句型。這是以形容詞作表語的倒裝，翻譯實踐中多把倒裝部分譯到最前面。
No less obvious is the fact there are great numbers of people so constituted or so brought up that they cannot get so much pleasure out of processes and experiences resulting in a poor-er life less full of meaning.

60.what…of
I can not say of myself what Johnson said of Pope: He never passed a fault unamended by indifference, nor quitted it by despair. I do not write as I do; I write as I can.

61.雙重否定
英語的一個習慣用法是：當否定謂語 think (believe) 時，實際上是否定其后面的賓語從句，否定就落在賓語從句上，含否定意義的賓語從句就變成了雙重否定，譯時可以安雙重否定定譯，也可按肯定來譯。

It is a valuable work. I do not think anyone writes so well that he cannot learn much from it.

62.to have not…（as）to see…中的不定式也有否定意味
He had not the good breeding to see that simplicity and naturalness are the truest marks of distinction.

63.It occurred to sb. that…突然想到；It dawned on sb. that…突然想起
從句是想起的內(nèi)容。
I remember once being on a bus and looking at a stranger. He suddenly looked back at me. When our eyes met, my instinctive reaction was to avert my gaze. It occurred to me that if I had continued to maintain eye contact, I would have been rude and aggressive.

64.It follows that…=It happens as a result…
它們常譯為“由此可見”，“因此”，“從前”，“可以推斷”等。
It follows that the housewife will also expect to be able to have more leisure in her life without lowering her standard of living. It also follows that human domestic servants will have completely ceased to exist.

65.that’s all there is to it
這個結(jié)構意思是“也不過如此而已”?？筛鶕?jù)上下文視情況處理。
If I’m touched, I’m touched-that’s all there is to it.

66.the chances are that…
這一句型譯為“有可能…”。
The chances are you will never attempt that speed with poetry or want to race though some passages in fiction over which you wish to linger.

67.feel, see, leave 引起賓語的賓語補足語，或在被動語態(tài)中引起主語補足語的某些慣用句型
這種情形下有時see 和 feel這兩個詞的被動式不大好譯，應挖掘其深層含義，不要拘泥于表面形式。
The education of the young is seen to be of primary importance.

68.以 no, nowhere, never, not…but, not…any, nothing but, hardly, scarcely, seldom 等否定詞語引出的一些結(jié)構
I never go past the theatre but I think of his last performance.

69.choice between, to know better, whether or, should have avoided (或 done better) 等，表示從兩種做法中選取一種更好的做法
Then we are faced with a choice between using technology to provide and fulfil needs which have hitherto been regarded as unnecessary or, on the other hand, using technology to reduce the number of hours of work which a man must do in order to earn a given standard of living.

70.某些省略情況，應清楚確認省略的內(nèi)容
The country had grown rich, its commerce was large, and wealth did its natural work in making life softer and more worldly, commerce in deprovincializing the minds of those en-gaged in it.

71.修飾成分（包括定語、定語從句、同位語從句等）多而長
Across the court from the Manhattan apartment that I have occupied for the past few years is a dog that often hurls insults into the darkness, a few of which my dog refuses to ac-cept and makes a tart reply.

72.一些外位語
所謂外位修飾，指從句子結(jié)構和內(nèi)容上不起主要信息表達功能的部分。其作用是從語氣和連接上下文等方面進行補充。在翻譯漢語時，往往可獨立成句，外形上不保留修飾的痕跡。
Of course, nobody was hurt this time, because we had all been to dinner, none of us be-ing novices excepting Hastings; and he having been informed by the minister at the time that he invited him that in deference to the English custom the had not provided any dinner.

二． 解題方法

語法測試主要考查考生對基礎語法知道的掌握?？忌J真復習這些基本語法知識，掌握它們的用法。不必花很多時間去摳一些特殊的用法或不常見的語法現(xiàn)象，以免浪費寶貴的復習時間。在考試中一定要學會審題，學會判斷考題中的考點，這樣做題時就會比較有把握。另外，考生也不要認為這部分題所占權重小而忽略對它的復習，語法學得不好或者有漏洞也會影響你的閱讀理解和寫作以及其他方面，因此不可以掉以輕心。在答題中建議采用以下方法：

1.結(jié)構分析法
根據(jù)語法知識，弄清句子結(jié)構，然后對照所給的選項，選出正確答案。

2.簡化法
先去掉插入語或附近的次要信息成分，然后迅速找到答案。、

3.找提示詞法
對于有些題來說，若找準關鍵的提示詞（如 but, and, otherwise, often, now 以及一些時間狀語），問題就會迎刃而解。

4.補全法
答題時盡可能把題中被省略的部分補全，這有助于發(fā)現(xiàn)考點，找出正確答案。

5.轉(zhuǎn)換法
為了增加試題的難度，命題人喜歡運用復合句、疑問句、倒裝句、強調(diào)句、感嘆句等句式，只要將這些句式轉(zhuǎn)換成簡單句、主動句、陳述句等，就容易理解了。

6.把握語境法
答題時以語境為切入點，運用語法知識和構詞法知識，仔細分析，弄清題意，確定正確答案。

7.逆向思維法
逆向思維是一種創(chuàng)造性的思維，它沖破了固有的“思維定勢”。運用逆向思維，在目前靈活多變的考題中，可收到意想不到的效果。

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