2014年成人英語三級(jí)考試閱讀理解考前練習(xí)題三十八

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　　Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage

　　A great difference between American social customs and those of other countries is the way in which names are used. Americans have little concern for "rank", especially socially. Most Americans do not want to be treated in any especially respectful way because of their age or social rank; it makes them feel uncomfortable. Many Americans even find the terms "Mr.", "Mrs" or "Miss" too formal. People of all ages may prefer to be called by their first names. "Don't call me Mrs Smith. Just call me Sally." Using only first names usually indicates friendliness and acceptance. However, if you do not feel comfortable using only first names, it is quite acceptable to be more formal. Just smile and say that after a while you will use first names but you are accustomed to being more when you first meet someone.

　　Very often, introductions are made using both first and last names: " Mary Smith, this is John Jones." In this situation you are free to decide whether to call the lady "Mary" or "Miss Smith". Sometimes both of you will begin a conversation using last names, and after a while one or both of you may begin using first names instead. You have a choice: if you don't want to use first names so quickly, no one will think it impolite if you continue according to you own custom.

　　1. In the first paragraph the author tells us that

　　A. Americans do not talk about rank, especially socially

　　B. Americans feel uncomfortable when talking about rank

　　C. Americans tae interests in social customs

　　D. Americans don't care much about social rank

　　2. According to the passage, most Americans feel when they are treated especially respectfully owing to their age or social rank.

　　A. sick B. sorry C. uneasy D. embarrassed

　　3. Which of the following statements in NOT true?

　　A. The way names are used in America is different from those of other countries.

　　B. Many Americans are used to being called by their first names.

　　C. It shows friendliness and kindness to use only first names.

　　D. When you talk to people in the United States, you have to use their first names.

　　4. If an American lady say "Don't call me Mrs Smith, just call me Sally." that shows

　　A. she is not a married woman

　　B. she prefers to be called "Sally"

　　C. she is not Mrs Smith

　　D. she likes to be more formal

　　5. The passage you've just read would most likely be found in a

　　A. guide-book for tourists

　　B. book about American history

　　C. notice

　　D. short story

　　PASSAGE 1

　　美國與其他國家社會(huì)習(xí)俗的一個(gè)顯著不同是名字的使用方式。美國人很少關(guān)注"級(jí)別"，特別是在社交方面。多數(shù)美國人不想因其年長或者級(jí)別高而受到特別的尊敬。這種特別的尊敬會(huì)讓他們感到局促不安。很多美國人甚至認(rèn)為稱呼"先生"、"女士"和"小姐"過于正式。他們無論年長或者年少可能更愿意別人稱他們的名字。"不要稱呼我史密斯女士，就叫我薩利好了。"只稱呼名字常常意味著友好和接納。但是如果只稱呼名字你會(huì)感到不安，正式一些是完全可以接受的。只要微笑著說過一會(huì)兒你會(huì)稱呼名字，但是第一次見面你習(xí)慣于比較正式的稱呼。

　　通常介紹時(shí)會(huì)同時(shí)使用姓和名："瑪麗?史密斯，這位是約翰?瓊斯。"在這種情況下，你可以自由決定稱呼這位女士"瑪麗"還是"史密斯小姐"。你們有時(shí)會(huì)以稱呼對(duì)方的姓開始交談，不久其中一人或兩人同時(shí)開始稱呼名字。你可以選擇：如果你不想這么快就稱呼名字，沒有人會(huì)認(rèn)為你按照自己的習(xí)慣繼續(xù)稱呼姓氏是不禮貌的。答案解析：

　　1. D 第一段講道美國人很少關(guān)注"級(jí)別"，特別是在社交方面。多數(shù)美國人不想因其年長或者級(jí)別高而受到特別的尊敬。這種特別的尊敬會(huì)讓他們感到局促不安。比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，D的意思最準(zhǔn)確、最符合原文。

　　2. C 第一段原文提到 多數(shù)美國人因其年長或者級(jí)別高而受到特別的尊敬時(shí)會(huì)感到局促不安。所以選C。 "uncomfortable" 在本文中應(yīng)該理解為"局促不安的"(ill at ease; uneasy).

　　3. D 第一段結(jié)尾提到 如果只稱呼名字你會(huì)感到不安，正式一些是完全可以接受的。只要微笑著說過一會(huì)兒你會(huì)稱呼名字，但是第一次見面你習(xí)慣于比較正式的稱呼。所以與美國人談話并不一定必須(have to)稱呼名字。

　　4. B 從引文的上下文中可以推斷出 "Mrs. Smith"是比較正式的稱呼，而美國人更喜歡直接稱呼名字。所以選擇 B

　　5. A 本文主要介紹美國的社會(huì)習(xí)俗 - 社交場合的稱呼，與歷史無關(guān)、不是通知的形式、更不是短篇小說。所以最可能出現(xiàn)在旅游指南上。

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