成人高等教育學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)位英語水平考試大綱(河北?。?/h1>
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摘要 成人高等教育學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)位英語水平考試大綱(河北?。?
河北省高等教育成人本科生申請(qǐng)學(xué)士學(xué)位英語統(tǒng)一考試大綱
一、總則
為適應(yīng)成人高等教育本科畢業(yè)生申請(qǐng)學(xué)士學(xué)位外語統(tǒng)一考試的要求,根據(jù)國(guó)務(wù)院學(xué)位委員會(huì)《關(guān)于授予成人高等教育本科畢業(yè)生學(xué)士學(xué)位暫行規(guī)定》,參照教育部《大學(xué)英語課程教學(xué)要求》(2007),并結(jié)合《全國(guó)高等教育成人本科生申請(qǐng)學(xué)士學(xué)位英語統(tǒng)一考試大綱》和河北省成人高等教育本科英語教學(xué)的實(shí)際情況,特制定《河北省高等教育成人本科生申請(qǐng)學(xué)士學(xué)位英語統(tǒng)一考試大綱》。本大綱將于2011年9月開始執(zhí)行?,F(xiàn)將有關(guān)問題作如下說明:
成人英語教學(xué)的目的是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生具有較強(qiáng)的閱讀能力、一定的英漢互譯能力和初步的聽說能力,使他們能夠以英語為工具,獲取專業(yè)所需要的信息,并為進(jìn)一步提高英語水平打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。因此,本考試主要考核學(xué)生運(yùn)用語言的能力,重點(diǎn)是考核學(xué)生的閱讀能力以及對(duì)詞語用法和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的熟練程度。
本考試是一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試。考試方式為筆試??荚嚪秶饕獏⒄杖罩票究啤洞髮W(xué)英語課程教學(xué)要求》(2007)所規(guī)定的“一般要求”中除去聽說以外的內(nèi)容。在題型設(shè)計(jì)上,英漢互譯部分和寫作部分是主觀性試題,其余試題均采用客觀性的多項(xiàng)選擇題形式。聽說考試正在規(guī)劃之中,待時(shí)機(jī)成熟時(shí)實(shí)施。
本考試按百分制計(jì)分,滿分為100分,合格分?jǐn)?shù)為60分??荚嚦煽?jī)合格者,由河北省學(xué)位辦公室發(fā)給成人本科學(xué)士學(xué)位英語合格證書。
考生可選用下列教材:
?、僭~匯測(cè)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn):《大學(xué)英語新要求英漢雙解詞典》一般要求詞匯(外語教學(xué)與研究出版社2005);
②自學(xué)教科書:《新視野大學(xué)英語(1-4級(jí))》 (外語教學(xué)與研究出版社);《大學(xué)體驗(yàn)英語(1-4級(jí))》(高等教育出版社);《大學(xué)英語(第三版,1-4級(jí))》 (上海外語教育出版社)。
本考試每年夏季、冬季各舉行一次,具體時(shí)間另行通知。
二、考試內(nèi)容
考試內(nèi)容包括五個(gè)部分:詞語和語法結(jié)構(gòu)(Vocabulary and Structure),閱讀理解(Reading Comprehension),完形填空(Cloze),英譯互漢(Translation)和寫作(Writing)。所有考試內(nèi)容要求在120分鐘之內(nèi)完成。
第一部分:詞語和語法結(jié)構(gòu) (Part I Vocabulary and Structure)
共30題,每題0.5分??荚嚂r(shí)間為20分鐘。
本部分為單句選擇填空題,要求考生根據(jù)句意從每題的4個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。
詞語和語法結(jié)構(gòu)部分的目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生掌握和運(yùn)用單詞、短語及語法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力??荚嚪秶墙逃?007年頒布的《大學(xué)英語課程教學(xué)要求》制定的詞匯表中的一般要求詞匯。
第二部分:閱讀理解 (Part II Reading Comprehension)
共20題,每題2分??荚嚂r(shí)間為35分鐘。
閱讀理解的短文共4篇,每篇短文后設(shè)5個(gè)問題,要求考生在理解短文的基礎(chǔ)上從每題的4個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。
短文選材的原則是:
?、兕}材廣泛,包括人物、社會(huì)、文化、科普常識(shí)等,但涉及的內(nèi)容及背景知識(shí)應(yīng)能為學(xué)生所理解;②體裁多樣,包括議論文、敘述文、說明文等;③文章的語言難度適中,無法猜出而又影響理解的關(guān)鍵詞,超出一般要求詞匯表時(shí),則注明文中的漢語詞義。
閱讀理解部分旨在測(cè)試考生以下能力:
①理解短文的主旨大意;②掌握有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)和事實(shí);③既理解書面意思,也能進(jìn)行一定的推理和判斷;④既理解個(gè)別句子的意義,也理解上下文的邏輯關(guān)系;⑤既要判定準(zhǔn)確,又要有一定速度。
第三部分:完形填空 (Part III Cloze)
共20題,每題0.5分??荚嚂r(shí)間為15分鐘。
在一篇題材熟悉,難度適中的短文(不超過250詞)中留有20個(gè)空白,每個(gè)空白為一題,每題均有4個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)。要求考生全面理解短文,選出一個(gè)最佳答案,使短文結(jié)構(gòu)和思想恢復(fù)完整。
完形填空部分旨在測(cè)試學(xué)生英語的綜合語言應(yīng)用能力。
第四部分:英漢互譯 (Part IV Translation)
共6題,考試時(shí)間為20分鐘。
本部分設(shè)英譯漢和漢譯英兩種題型。其中英譯漢4句,每句3分,一般從閱讀理解的每篇短文中選出1個(gè)句子,要求考生根據(jù)對(duì)原文的理解譯成中文;漢譯英2句,每句4分。英漢互譯部分的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求譯文做到譯意準(zhǔn)確、文字通順,無明顯的語言和語法錯(cuò)誤,旨在測(cè)試考生的筆譯能力。
第五部分:寫作 (Part V Writing)
共1題,考試時(shí)間為30分鐘。
本部分要求考生在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)寫出一篇120詞左右的短文。試卷上可以給出題目,或規(guī)定情景,或要求看圖作文,或給出段首句要求續(xù)寫,或給出關(guān)鍵詞,要求寫成短文。寫作部分旨在測(cè)試學(xué)生初步使用英語表達(dá)思想的能力,要求能正確表達(dá)思想,意思連貫,無重大語法錯(cuò)誤,內(nèi)容會(huì)涉及日常生活和一般科技常識(shí)。
三、答題與計(jì)分
客觀性試題用機(jī)器閱卷,要求考生從每題4個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案,并在答題紙(Answer Sheet)上該題的相應(yīng)字母中間用鉛筆劃一條橫線/涂黑。試題冊(cè)(Test Paper)上作答無效。每題只能選擇一個(gè)答案,多選作答錯(cuò)處理。多項(xiàng)選擇題記分只算答對(duì)的題數(shù),答錯(cuò)不扣分。主觀性試題按科學(xué)的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)分。不允許考生在答題卡(Answer Sheet)和翻譯與作文等答卷上作任何記號(hào)。
考試分項(xiàng)表如下:
序號(hào)
題 號(hào)
各部分內(nèi)容
題數(shù)
計(jì)分
參考時(shí)間
Ⅰ
1―30
詞語和語法結(jié)構(gòu)
30
15
20分鐘
Ⅱ
31―50
閱讀理解
20
40
35分鐘
Ⅲ
51―70
完形填空
20
10
15分鐘
Ⅳ
71―76
英漢互譯
6
20
20分鐘
V
寫作
1
15
30分鐘
合 計(jì)
77
100
120分鐘
四、基本題型
Part I Vocabulary and Structure (15 points, 20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
1. Until then, his family _____ from him for six months.
A. didn't hear B. hasn't been hearing C. hasn't heard D. hadn't heard
2. The conference _____ a full week by the time it ends.
A. must have lasted B. will have lasted C. would last D. has lasted
3. Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you _____ the new carpet.
A. crash B. pollute C. spot D. stain
4. Some old people don't like pop songs because they can't _____ so much noise.
A. resist B. sustain C. tolerate D. undergo
5. …
[要求考生從A.B.C.D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊粋€(gè)]
Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points, 35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage l Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:
Psychologists take opposing view of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gift from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards spares sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements (刺激) indeed aid inventiveness, according to a Study in the June Journal of Personality and social Psychology.“
If kids know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards of poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.”
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired student, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.
In earlier grades, the use of so called token economics in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
31. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward _____.
A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards
B) the amount of monetary rewards for students' creativity
C) the study of relationship between actions and their consequences
D) the effects of external rewards on students' performance
32. What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students?
A) They have no doubts about them.
B) They have doubts about them.
C) They approve of them.
D) They avoid talking about them.
33. Which of the following can best raise students' creativity according to Robert Elsenberger?
A) Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.
B) Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.
C) Giving them rewards really deserve.
D) Giving them rewards they anticipate.
34. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe _____.
A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students
B) punishment is more effective than rewarding.
C) failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards
D) discouraging the students' anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency
35. The phrase “token economies” (Line 1. Para.5) probably refers to
A) ways to develop economy
B) system of rewarding students
C) approaches to solving problems
D) methods of improving performance
Passage 2…
Part III Cloze (10 points, 15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D)。 You should choose the One that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
While in the army there was nothing I disliked so much as the map-reading course, (51)_____ the simple reason that I always felt lost even with a map in my hand. For weeks I had lain (52)_____ at night thinking of the practical test I (53)_____ to face at the end of the (54)_____. At last, the evil day arrived. It was to be my (55)_____ to lead a small band of soldiers back to camp from the middle of (56)_____. We were driven out in a closed lorry and left in a ploughed field with instructions to get back as (57)_____ as possible.
Well knowing my abilities, the soldiers smiled as they saw me (58)_____ the map and they made all sorts of helpful suggestions. I folded the map (59)_____, put it in my pocket, and said that we would (60)_____ east.
After walking through cornfields (61)_____ over an hour we came to a wide stream. I again looked at the map. It (62)_____ to be covered with masses of thin blue lines. But which (63)_____ line was this stream? In (64)_____, we sat down in the cool shade. About fifteen minutes later, a boat passed and I asked the boatman to give us a (65)_____ to the nearest village. I pretended that we had been out for a walk and (66)_____ got lost.
The boatman invited us on (67)_____ and I felt very foolish when he told me that he had helped (68)_____ of soldiers to pass their map reading test! Not long (69)_____, we got off the boat and, following the boatman's instructions, (70)_____ a bus into the village.
51. A) because B) as C) for D) since
52. A) wake B) awake C) waked D) awaken
53. A) have B) will have C) had D) would have
54. A) class B) course C) lesson D) semester
55. A) responsibility B) chance C) opportunity D) practice
56. A) everywhere B) wherever C) anywhere D) nowhere
57. A) immediately B) instantly C) quickly D) presently
58. A) looking on B) looking for C) look at D) look into
59. A) up B) in C) down D) out
60. A) lead B) head C) follow D) turn
61. A) on B) about C) through D) for
62. A) looked B) seemed C) likely D) thought
63. A) particular B) proper C) special D) necessary
64. A) hope B) courage C) despair D) spirit
65. A) help B) ride C) guide D) lift
66. A) somewhat B) somewhere C) sometime D. somehow
67. A) aboard B) board C) broad D) boat
68. A) hundred B) million C) hundreds D) millions
69. A) afterwards B) towards C) forwards D) upwards
70. A) got B) took C) rode D) drove
Part IV Translation (20 points, 20 minutes)
Directions: In this part, there are 6 items. Each item consists of one or more sentences. Translate the English into Chinese and Chinese into English. Note that all the English sentences are taken from the reading passages in Part II.
71. (Lines 1~2, Para.1, Passage 1) Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
72. …
75. 一方面,汽車當(dāng)然很有用,但另一方面,汽車也造成大量的污染。
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
76. …
Part V Writing (15 points, 30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Work Through College. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.
1. 多數(shù)人認(rèn)為在校大學(xué)生打工益處多多;
2. 也有人持不同意見;
3. 我認(rèn)為……
?2013年成人高考考試時(shí)間確定:10月12-13日
?2013年成人高考考試網(wǎng)絡(luò)輔導(dǎo)招生簡(jiǎn)章
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河北省高等教育成人本科生申請(qǐng)學(xué)士學(xué)位英語統(tǒng)一考試大綱
一、總則
為適應(yīng)成人高等教育本科畢業(yè)生申請(qǐng)學(xué)士學(xué)位外語統(tǒng)一考試的要求,根據(jù)國(guó)務(wù)院學(xué)位委員會(huì)《關(guān)于授予成人高等教育本科畢業(yè)生學(xué)士學(xué)位暫行規(guī)定》,參照教育部《大學(xué)英語課程教學(xué)要求》(2007),并結(jié)合《全國(guó)高等教育成人本科生申請(qǐng)學(xué)士學(xué)位英語統(tǒng)一考試大綱》和河北省成人高等教育本科英語教學(xué)的實(shí)際情況,特制定《河北省高等教育成人本科生申請(qǐng)學(xué)士學(xué)位英語統(tǒng)一考試大綱》。本大綱將于2011年9月開始執(zhí)行?,F(xiàn)將有關(guān)問題作如下說明:
成人英語教學(xué)的目的是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生具有較強(qiáng)的閱讀能力、一定的英漢互譯能力和初步的聽說能力,使他們能夠以英語為工具,獲取專業(yè)所需要的信息,并為進(jìn)一步提高英語水平打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。因此,本考試主要考核學(xué)生運(yùn)用語言的能力,重點(diǎn)是考核學(xué)生的閱讀能力以及對(duì)詞語用法和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的熟練程度。
本考試是一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試。考試方式為筆試??荚嚪秶饕獏⒄杖罩票究啤洞髮W(xué)英語課程教學(xué)要求》(2007)所規(guī)定的“一般要求”中除去聽說以外的內(nèi)容。在題型設(shè)計(jì)上,英漢互譯部分和寫作部分是主觀性試題,其余試題均采用客觀性的多項(xiàng)選擇題形式。聽說考試正在規(guī)劃之中,待時(shí)機(jī)成熟時(shí)實(shí)施。
本考試按百分制計(jì)分,滿分為100分,合格分?jǐn)?shù)為60分??荚嚦煽?jī)合格者,由河北省學(xué)位辦公室發(fā)給成人本科學(xué)士學(xué)位英語合格證書。
考生可選用下列教材:
?、僭~匯測(cè)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn):《大學(xué)英語新要求英漢雙解詞典》一般要求詞匯(外語教學(xué)與研究出版社2005);
②自學(xué)教科書:《新視野大學(xué)英語(1-4級(jí))》 (外語教學(xué)與研究出版社);《大學(xué)體驗(yàn)英語(1-4級(jí))》(高等教育出版社);《大學(xué)英語(第三版,1-4級(jí))》 (上海外語教育出版社)。
本考試每年夏季、冬季各舉行一次,具體時(shí)間另行通知。
二、考試內(nèi)容
考試內(nèi)容包括五個(gè)部分:詞語和語法結(jié)構(gòu)(Vocabulary and Structure),閱讀理解(Reading Comprehension),完形填空(Cloze),英譯互漢(Translation)和寫作(Writing)。所有考試內(nèi)容要求在120分鐘之內(nèi)完成。
第一部分:詞語和語法結(jié)構(gòu) (Part I Vocabulary and Structure)
共30題,每題0.5分??荚嚂r(shí)間為20分鐘。
本部分為單句選擇填空題,要求考生根據(jù)句意從每題的4個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。
詞語和語法結(jié)構(gòu)部分的目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生掌握和運(yùn)用單詞、短語及語法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力??荚嚪秶墙逃?007年頒布的《大學(xué)英語課程教學(xué)要求》制定的詞匯表中的一般要求詞匯。
第二部分:閱讀理解 (Part II Reading Comprehension)
共20題,每題2分??荚嚂r(shí)間為35分鐘。
閱讀理解的短文共4篇,每篇短文后設(shè)5個(gè)問題,要求考生在理解短文的基礎(chǔ)上從每題的4個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。
短文選材的原則是:
?、兕}材廣泛,包括人物、社會(huì)、文化、科普常識(shí)等,但涉及的內(nèi)容及背景知識(shí)應(yīng)能為學(xué)生所理解;②體裁多樣,包括議論文、敘述文、說明文等;③文章的語言難度適中,無法猜出而又影響理解的關(guān)鍵詞,超出一般要求詞匯表時(shí),則注明文中的漢語詞義。
閱讀理解部分旨在測(cè)試考生以下能力:
①理解短文的主旨大意;②掌握有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)和事實(shí);③既理解書面意思,也能進(jìn)行一定的推理和判斷;④既理解個(gè)別句子的意義,也理解上下文的邏輯關(guān)系;⑤既要判定準(zhǔn)確,又要有一定速度。
第三部分:完形填空 (Part III Cloze)
共20題,每題0.5分??荚嚂r(shí)間為15分鐘。
在一篇題材熟悉,難度適中的短文(不超過250詞)中留有20個(gè)空白,每個(gè)空白為一題,每題均有4個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)。要求考生全面理解短文,選出一個(gè)最佳答案,使短文結(jié)構(gòu)和思想恢復(fù)完整。
完形填空部分旨在測(cè)試學(xué)生英語的綜合語言應(yīng)用能力。
第四部分:英漢互譯 (Part IV Translation)
共6題,考試時(shí)間為20分鐘。
本部分設(shè)英譯漢和漢譯英兩種題型。其中英譯漢4句,每句3分,一般從閱讀理解的每篇短文中選出1個(gè)句子,要求考生根據(jù)對(duì)原文的理解譯成中文;漢譯英2句,每句4分。英漢互譯部分的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求譯文做到譯意準(zhǔn)確、文字通順,無明顯的語言和語法錯(cuò)誤,旨在測(cè)試考生的筆譯能力。
第五部分:寫作 (Part V Writing)
共1題,考試時(shí)間為30分鐘。
本部分要求考生在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)寫出一篇120詞左右的短文。試卷上可以給出題目,或規(guī)定情景,或要求看圖作文,或給出段首句要求續(xù)寫,或給出關(guān)鍵詞,要求寫成短文。寫作部分旨在測(cè)試學(xué)生初步使用英語表達(dá)思想的能力,要求能正確表達(dá)思想,意思連貫,無重大語法錯(cuò)誤,內(nèi)容會(huì)涉及日常生活和一般科技常識(shí)。
三、答題與計(jì)分
客觀性試題用機(jī)器閱卷,要求考生從每題4個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案,并在答題紙(Answer Sheet)上該題的相應(yīng)字母中間用鉛筆劃一條橫線/涂黑。試題冊(cè)(Test Paper)上作答無效。每題只能選擇一個(gè)答案,多選作答錯(cuò)處理。多項(xiàng)選擇題記分只算答對(duì)的題數(shù),答錯(cuò)不扣分。主觀性試題按科學(xué)的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)分。不允許考生在答題卡(Answer Sheet)和翻譯與作文等答卷上作任何記號(hào)。
考試分項(xiàng)表如下:
序號(hào) |
題 號(hào) |
各部分內(nèi)容 |
題數(shù) |
計(jì)分 |
參考時(shí)間 |
Ⅰ |
1―30 |
詞語和語法結(jié)構(gòu) |
30 |
15 |
20分鐘 |
Ⅱ |
31―50 |
閱讀理解 |
20 |
40 |
35分鐘 |
Ⅲ |
51―70 |
完形填空 |
20 |
10 |
15分鐘 |
Ⅳ |
71―76 |
英漢互譯 |
6 |
20 |
20分鐘 |
V |
|
寫作 |
1 |
15 |
30分鐘 |
合 計(jì) |
77 |
100 |
120分鐘 |
四、基本題型
Part I Vocabulary and Structure (15 points, 20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
1. Until then, his family _____ from him for six months.
A. didn't hear B. hasn't been hearing C. hasn't heard D. hadn't heard
2. The conference _____ a full week by the time it ends.
A. must have lasted B. will have lasted C. would last D. has lasted
3. Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you _____ the new carpet.
A. crash B. pollute C. spot D. stain
4. Some old people don't like pop songs because they can't _____ so much noise.
A. resist B. sustain C. tolerate D. undergo
5. …
[要求考生從A.B.C.D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊粋€(gè)]
Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points, 35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage l Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:
Psychologists take opposing view of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gift from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards spares sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements (刺激) indeed aid inventiveness, according to a Study in the June Journal of Personality and social Psychology.“
If kids know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards of poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.”
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired student, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.
In earlier grades, the use of so called token economics in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
31. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward _____.
A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards
B) the amount of monetary rewards for students' creativity
C) the study of relationship between actions and their consequences
D) the effects of external rewards on students' performance
32. What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students?
A) They have no doubts about them.
B) They have doubts about them.
C) They approve of them.
D) They avoid talking about them.
33. Which of the following can best raise students' creativity according to Robert Elsenberger?
A) Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.
B) Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.
C) Giving them rewards really deserve.
D) Giving them rewards they anticipate.
34. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe _____.
A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students
B) punishment is more effective than rewarding.
C) failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards
D) discouraging the students' anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency
35. The phrase “token economies” (Line 1. Para.5) probably refers to
A) ways to develop economy
B) system of rewarding students
C) approaches to solving problems
D) methods of improving performance
Passage 2…
Part III Cloze (10 points, 15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D)。 You should choose the One that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
While in the army there was nothing I disliked so much as the map-reading course, (51)_____ the simple reason that I always felt lost even with a map in my hand. For weeks I had lain (52)_____ at night thinking of the practical test I (53)_____ to face at the end of the (54)_____. At last, the evil day arrived. It was to be my (55)_____ to lead a small band of soldiers back to camp from the middle of (56)_____. We were driven out in a closed lorry and left in a ploughed field with instructions to get back as (57)_____ as possible.
Well knowing my abilities, the soldiers smiled as they saw me (58)_____ the map and they made all sorts of helpful suggestions. I folded the map (59)_____, put it in my pocket, and said that we would (60)_____ east.
After walking through cornfields (61)_____ over an hour we came to a wide stream. I again looked at the map. It (62)_____ to be covered with masses of thin blue lines. But which (63)_____ line was this stream? In (64)_____, we sat down in the cool shade. About fifteen minutes later, a boat passed and I asked the boatman to give us a (65)_____ to the nearest village. I pretended that we had been out for a walk and (66)_____ got lost.
The boatman invited us on (67)_____ and I felt very foolish when he told me that he had helped (68)_____ of soldiers to pass their map reading test! Not long (69)_____, we got off the boat and, following the boatman's instructions, (70)_____ a bus into the village.
51. A) because B) as C) for D) since
52. A) wake B) awake C) waked D) awaken
53. A) have B) will have C) had D) would have
54. A) class B) course C) lesson D) semester
55. A) responsibility B) chance C) opportunity D) practice
56. A) everywhere B) wherever C) anywhere D) nowhere
57. A) immediately B) instantly C) quickly D) presently
58. A) looking on B) looking for C) look at D) look into
59. A) up B) in C) down D) out
60. A) lead B) head C) follow D) turn
61. A) on B) about C) through D) for
62. A) looked B) seemed C) likely D) thought
63. A) particular B) proper C) special D) necessary
64. A) hope B) courage C) despair D) spirit
65. A) help B) ride C) guide D) lift
66. A) somewhat B) somewhere C) sometime D. somehow
67. A) aboard B) board C) broad D) boat
68. A) hundred B) million C) hundreds D) millions
69. A) afterwards B) towards C) forwards D) upwards
70. A) got B) took C) rode D) drove
Part IV Translation (20 points, 20 minutes)
Directions: In this part, there are 6 items. Each item consists of one or more sentences. Translate the English into Chinese and Chinese into English. Note that all the English sentences are taken from the reading passages in Part II.
71. (Lines 1~2, Para.1, Passage 1) Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
72. …
75. 一方面,汽車當(dāng)然很有用,但另一方面,汽車也造成大量的污染。
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
76. …
Part V Writing (15 points, 30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Work Through College. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.
1. 多數(shù)人認(rèn)為在校大學(xué)生打工益處多多;
2. 也有人持不同意見;
3. 我認(rèn)為……
?2013年成人高考考試時(shí)間確定:10月12-13日
?2013年成人高考考試網(wǎng)絡(luò)輔導(dǎo)招生簡(jiǎn)章
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