2019年湖北成人學位英語考試：閱讀理解練習(3)

2019年湖北成人學位英語考試：閱讀理解練習(3)

The more time scientists spend designing computers, the more they wonder at human

brain. Tasks that puzzle the most advanced supercomputer--recognizing a face, reading a handwritten note--are child′ s play. Most important, unlike any ordinary computer, the brain can learn from its mistakes. Researchers have tried for years to program computers to imi-tate the brain′s abilities, but without success. Now a growing number of designers believe they have the answer: if a computer is to work more like a person and less like an over-grown calculator it must be built more like a brain, which distributes information across a vast interconnected web of nerve cells or neurons.

Ordinary computers work by following a chainlike sequence of detailed instructions.

Although very fast, their processors can perform only one task at a time. This approach works best in solving problems that can be broken down into simpler logical pieces. The pro-cessors in a neural-network computer,by contrast,form a network much like the nerve :cells in the brain. Since these artificial (人造的) neurons are interconnected, they can share infor-mation and perform tasks at the same time. This two-dimensional approach works best at rec-ognizing patterns.

Instead of programming a neural-network computer to make decisions,its maker trains it to recognize patterns in any solution to a problem by repeatedly feeding examples to the machine.

Neural networks come in all shapes and sizes. Until now most existed as software simu-lations (模擬品) because redesigning computer chips took a lot of time and money. By exper-imenting with different approaches through software rather than hardware, scientists have been able to avoid costly mistakes.

1.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that a computer__________.

A.can recognize a face

B.cannot learn from its mistakes

C.cannot follow detailed instructions

D.can read a handwritten note

答案：B

2.Which of the following is NOT true about an ordinary computer?

A.It must be programmed before it works.

B.It can only solve one problem at a time.

C.It is good at solving problems that can be broken down into simpler logical pieces.

D.It is trained to make decisions.

答案：D

解析：從第二段開頭這句，Ordinary computers work by following a chainlike sequence of detailed instructions(電腦的工作原理就是遵循一系列詳細的指令)，可知選項A是正確的表達。從第二句，Although very fast，their processors can perform only one task at a time，可知B也是正確的表達。從第三句，This approach works best in solving problems that can be broken down into simpler logical pieces(在處理能夠破解為更簡單的邏輯編碼的問題時，效果最好)，可知選項C也是正確的表達。另外第三段第一句Instead of program-ming a neural-network computer to make decisions，its maker trains it to…中的instead of就已經表明了沒有給電腦編程去讓它做決定，所以選項D是錯誤的表達。

3.The main feature of a neural-network computer is that__________.

A.its processors act as an interconnected web of neurons

B.it is programmed to make decisions

C.its networks are of all shapes and sizes

D.its neurons are artificial

答案：A

解析：本題問到神經網絡計算機的主要特點，從第二段這句The processors in a neural—network computer，by contrast，form a network much like the nerve cells in the brain可以看出，神經網絡計算機的處理器能夠形成跟大腦神經細胞很相似的網絡，也就是指interconnected web of neurons(互相交錯的神經網)，這正是這種計算機不同于普通計算機最顯著的特點。A為正確選項。

4.The expression "this two-dimensional approach" in the second paragraph refers to__________.

A.the conventional computer and the neural computer

B.making decisions and recognizing patterns

C.sharing information and performing tasks

D.the computer and the human brain

答案：C

解析：語義詞義題。從這個短語前面的這句話they can share information and perform tasks at the same time可知答案為C。

5.Scientists use software rather than hardware in their experiments because__________.

A.it can avoid redesigning computer chips

B.it can save a lot of time and money

C.it can avoid making mistakes

D.it is more like the human brain

答案：B

解析：細節(jié)判斷題。從最后一句By experimenting with different approaches through software rather than hardware，scientists have been able to avoid costly mistakes可以得知，用軟件能夠避免一些會導致重大損失的錯誤。costly，“昂貴的，代價高的”，avoid costly mistakes也就是指能夠節(jié)約錢和時間，而不是避免所有錯誤(故選項C錯誤)，答案選B。

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