2013年4月自考英語(yǔ)(一)考前要點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)Unit2

　　Text A Taxes， Taxes， and More Taxes

　　本課主要單詞

　　1. tax n. & v. 稅(款);對(duì)…征稅

　　The government plans to increase taxes by 3 percent.

　　(政府計(jì)劃把稅收增加三個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。)

　　In Britain， tobacco and alcoholic drinks are heavily taxed.

　　(在英國(guó)，煙草和酒類飲品的稅收很高。)

　　income tax(所得稅) sales tax(銷售稅)

　　import tax(進(jìn)口稅) housing and land tax(房地產(chǎn)稅)

　　VAT (value-added tax)(增值稅) poll tax(人頭稅)

　　tax-collector(稅務(wù)員) tax-payer(納稅人)

　　dodge tax(逃稅，漏稅) tax-free(免稅的)

　　2. type n. 類型，種類，品種

　　v. 打字

　　No one knows why he doesn't like this type of work.(沒(méi)有人知道他為什么不喜歡這種工作。)

　　The manager asked Mary to type the letter again.(經(jīng)理要瑪麗把信重打一遍。)

　　typewriter(打字機(jī))　typist(打字員)

　　3. salary n. 工資 v. (常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))給…發(fā)薪

　　salaried adj. 拿薪水的，領(lǐng)工資的

　　She was happy to know that she would get a promotion and an increase in salary.(得知她將得到提級(jí)和加薪，她很開(kāi)心。)

　　Don't worry about him， he will be salaried by a big company.(別為他擔(dān)心，一家大公司會(huì)給他發(fā)薪水。)

　　With his knowledge and experience he was bound to get a high-salaried post.(憑借他的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他一定能找到一份高薪的工作。)

　　salary和 wage的區(qū)別在于：salary是指為從事非體力勞動(dòng)的人按月支付的薪水，wage則通常指為從事體力勞動(dòng)的人按周支付的薪水。

　　4. earn v. 掙得;贏得，獲得

　　He worked 14 hours a day in order that he could earn enough to support the family.(為了能掙足夠的錢(qián)養(yǎng)家，他每天工作十四小時(shí)。)

　　His sincerity earns him friends wherever he goes.(無(wú)論走到哪，他的真誠(chéng)都能贏得朋友。)

　　5. percentage n. 百分比，百分率;比例，部分

　　percent / per cent n. 每百中，百分之…

　　The percentage of university enrollment will be greatly increased this year.(今年，大學(xué)錄取的百分比將大大提高。)

　　About 70 percent of high school graduates in Nanjing will be enrolled by universities this year.(今年，南京的高中畢業(yè)生將有百分之七十被高校錄取。)

　　6. vary vi. 變化，有不同

　　vt. 改變，使不同

　　Prices of fish vary from 70 cents a pound to one dollar a pound.(魚(yú)的價(jià)格從七十美分到一美元一磅不等。)

　　The weather in this area varies from hour to hour.(這兒的天氣時(shí)刻有變化。)

　　I didn't vary my plan at the last moment.(我在最后一刻沒(méi)有改變我的計(jì)劃。)

　　7. graduated adj.(稅)累進(jìn)的;刻度的

　　graduate v. & n. 畢業(yè);畢業(yè)生

　　graduation n. 畢業(yè)

　　As the federal government has a graduated income tax， the more you earn， the higher tax you have to pay. 因?yàn)槁?lián)邦政府實(shí)行累進(jìn)所得稅，所以，你掙的越多，繳的所得稅就越高。

　　A graduated glass will enable you to know how much water you have put into the vessel.(量杯能夠使你知道你在容器里放了多少水。)

　　He graduated from high school last year. But it was difficult for a high school graduate to find a satisfactory job.

　　(他去年高中畢業(yè)，但是高中畢業(yè)生要找一份稱心如意的工作是很困難的。)

　　After graduation she went to work in a hospital as a nurse. (畢業(yè)后，她去醫(yī)院做了一名護(hù)士。)

　　8. sale n. 出售，賣(mài);廉價(jià)出售

　　sell v. 賣(mài)

　　Mr. Smith is now interested in my car and I hope I can make the sale today.(史密斯先生現(xiàn)在對(duì)我的汽車感興趣，我希望今天就能賣(mài)成。)

　　He sold his bike to Tom.(他把自行車賣(mài)給了湯姆。)

　　for sale(待售) on sale(上市的)

　　a clearance sale(清倉(cāng)拍賣(mài)) sales department(營(yíng)業(yè)部)

　　sales promotion(促銷活動(dòng)) sales manager(銷售經(jīng)理)

　　salesperson / salesclerk(營(yíng)業(yè)員)

　　9. charge v. 索價(jià);指控;使充滿

　　n. 價(jià)錢(qián);指控;負(fù)責(zé)

　　He charged me 10 yuan for a bowl of plain rice.(一碗白米飯，他要了我十塊錢(qián)。)

　　The young man was charged with stealing.(那個(gè)年輕人被指控犯了盜竊罪。)

　　Charge your glasses and drink to our friendship.(斟滿杯，為我們的友誼干杯。)

　　The charge for a front-row seat is 250 yuan.(前排座位票價(jià)250元。)

　　The police arrested him on a charge of murder.(警察以謀殺罪拘捕了他。)

　　Who will be in charge of our class when the teacher is away?(老師不在的時(shí)候，誰(shuí)管我們班?)

　　10. figure n. 數(shù)字;人物;外形

　　v. 想出;算出;估計(jì)

　　He has a good head for figures.(他的數(shù)字概念很強(qiáng)。)

　　No one had expected that his savings could reach 5 figures in such a short time.(誰(shuí)也沒(méi)料到在這么短的時(shí)間里，他的存款能達(dá)到五位數(shù)。)

　　He was an important figure in American history.(他是美國(guó)歷史上的重要人物。)

　　She was always worrying about her figure as she couldn't resist the temptation of chocolates. (她抵御不了巧克力的誘惑，所以總是擔(dān)心自己的體形。)

　　We are trying to figure out a way to help them.(我們正在想辦法幫助他們。)

　　Figure out the expenses and see if we have enough money.(算一算費(fèi)用，看看我們的錢(qián)是否夠。)

　　She brought an umbrella as she figured they might need it.(她帶了一把傘，因?yàn)樗烙?jì)他們會(huì)需要。)

　　11. add v. 增加，增添

　　addition n. 加 (in addition to除…之外)

　　additional adj. 附加的，另外的

　　The fire is going out， add more wood to it. (火要滅了，再加些木柴。)

　　His explanation adds to my confusion.(他的解釋使我更加糊涂。)

　　In addition to leaves， these animals eat a great deal of fruit.(除了樹(shù)葉之外，這些動(dòng)物還吃大量的水果。)

　　It will take an additional two days to finish the work.(還要再花兩天時(shí)間才能完成這項(xiàng)工作。)

　　12. revenue n. 收入，收益;稅收

　　The manager is worrying about the drop in advertising revenue.(經(jīng)理正為廣告收入的下降著急。)

　　The loss of tax revenue in many areas is getting higher.(許多地區(qū)的稅收流失越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。)

　　the Public Revenue(財(cái)政收入，國(guó)庫(kù)收入)

　　Inland Revenue(國(guó)內(nèi)稅收) revenue department(稅務(wù)部門(mén))

　　13. diverse adj. 不同的;多種多樣的

　　diversity n. 多樣性;差異

　　He is a man of diverse talent.(他是一個(gè)有多種才能的人。)

　　They offered us diverse suggestions at the meeting.(他們?cè)跁?huì)上給我們提出了各種各樣的建議。)

　　His writing displays the diversities of human behavior.(他的作品展示了人類行為的多樣性。)

　　A great diversity of methods has been tried in doing this experiment.(實(shí)驗(yàn)中嘗試過(guò)各種各樣的方法。)

　　14. confuse v. 使混亂，混淆

　　confusion n. 混亂，慌亂

　　What he said just now confuses all of us.(他剛才說(shuō)的話把我們都弄糊涂了。)

　　Her answers have only added to his confusion.(她的回答只使他更加糊涂。)

　　15. property n. 財(cái)產(chǎn)，資產(chǎn);(房)地產(chǎn);特性，性質(zhì)

　　That car is my property， you cannot use it without my permission.(那輛車是我的財(cái)產(chǎn)，沒(méi)我的允許，你不能動(dòng)用。)

　　The city is growing and property in the center is becoming more valuable.(城市在發(fā)展，市中心的房地產(chǎn)越來(lái)越有價(jià)值了。)

　　Many plants have medicinal properties.(許多植物有藥用特性。)

　　state property (國(guó)家財(cái)產(chǎn)) personal property(動(dòng)產(chǎn))

　　real property / estate(不動(dòng)產(chǎn)) intellectual property(知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán))

　　16. excise n. 國(guó)產(chǎn)稅，本國(guó)消費(fèi)稅

　　exercise n.& v. 行使，運(yùn)用;鍛煉;練習(xí)

　　customs n. 關(guān)稅　(Customs 海關(guān))

　　17. fund n. 基金，?？?儲(chǔ)備，貯存

　　v. 提供資金，供以款項(xiàng)

　　We would set up a fund to help those children whose parents couldn't afford to send them to school.(我們將設(shè)立一項(xiàng)基金，幫助那些父母供不起他們讀書(shū)的孩子。)

　　They have a fund of knowledge and experience to draw on.(他們有豐富的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)可利用。)

　　This research is funded by the government.(這項(xiàng)研究由政府提供資金。)

　　18. department n. 部，部門(mén);系科

　　the State Department (美國(guó))國(guó)務(wù)院　the Department of Education 教育部

　　department store 百貨商店　the department of physics 物理系

　　19. municipal adj. 市的，市政的

　　the municipal government　市政府

　　municipal administration　市政管理

　　a municipal university　市立大學(xué)

　　20. complain v. 抱怨，埋怨，發(fā)牢騷，訴苦

　　complaint n. 抱怨，訴說(shuō)

　　He complained to the manager about / of the poor after-service.(他對(duì)經(jīng)理抱怨說(shuō)售后服務(wù)太差。)

　　She complained about / of her husband's carelessness.(她抱怨說(shuō)她丈夫太粗心。)

　　The teacher complained that the students didn't work hard enough.(老師抱怨學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)不夠努力。)

　　It is a common complaint that today's children lack the sense of cooperation.(人們常常抱怨今天的孩子缺少合作意識(shí)。)

　　21. impractical adj. 不切實(shí)際的，不能實(shí)行的

　　practical adj. 實(shí)際的，可行的

　　His suggestion sounds good， but it is really impractical.(他的建議聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò)，但是的確不切實(shí)際。)

　　How long will it be before this theory can be put into practical use? (這一理論還要多久才能被實(shí)際運(yùn)用?)

　　22. program n. 計(jì)劃;(電視)節(jié)目;程序

　　v. 使按預(yù)定步驟工作;編程

　　They are drawing up a program of water purification.(他們正在制定一個(gè)凈水計(jì)劃。)

　　Tonight's TV programs will be very interesting.(今晚的電視節(jié)目會(huì)非常有趣。)

　　I know nothing about computer programs.(我對(duì)電腦編程一竅不通。)

　　You can program it to do different tasks at specific times.(你可以使它在特定的時(shí)間按計(jì)劃完成各項(xiàng)不同的任務(wù)。)

　　23. view n. 看法，觀點(diǎn);視野，眼界;景色，風(fēng)景

　　v. 看待，考慮

　　He was unwilling to express his views on what had happened.(他不愿意就所發(fā)生的一切發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。)

　　When we stood on the top of the mountain， the whole city came into our view.(我們站在山頂時(shí)，整個(gè)城市盡收眼底。)

　　Looking out of the window， he had a fine view of the Slender West Lake.(朝窗外望去，他看到了瘦西湖的美景。)

　　Several possible buyers have come to view your car.(幾個(gè)想買(mǎi)車的人來(lái)看過(guò)你的車了。)

　　If you stand in his shoes to view the problem， you will come to a totally different conclusion. (如果你站在他的立場(chǎng)上來(lái)考慮這個(gè)問(wèn)題，你會(huì)得出完全不同的結(jié)論。)

　　24. issue n. 問(wèn)題，爭(zhēng)論點(diǎn);發(fā)行

　　v. 出版，發(fā)行，頒布

　　At today's meeting we have to spend some time discussing this issue.(在今天的會(huì)上，我們得花點(diǎn)時(shí)間討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。)

　　The minute he got the latest issue of the sports magazine， he read it with great interest.(一拿到最新一期的體育雜志，他就津津有味地看了起來(lái)。)

　　Her first novel issued in May.(她的第一部小說(shuō)于五月份出版了。)

　　He issued instructions that the prisoners should be set free.(他下令釋放犯人。)

　　25. tend v. 護(hù)理，照管

　　tend to 易于，往往會(huì);傾向于

　　She is tending a very sick patient. (她在護(hù)理一位重病人。)

　　In addition to his full-time job， he tends a bar.(除了一份全日制的工作，他還照管一個(gè)酒吧。)

　　When you ask her more than one question， she tends to get impatient.(你問(wèn)她兩個(gè)以上的問(wèn)題，她往往會(huì)不耐煩。)

　　He tends to be optimistic no matter what happens.(無(wú)任發(fā)生任何事情，他總傾向于樂(lè)觀。)

　　本課主要構(gòu)詞法

　　Conversion　(轉(zhuǎn)類法──名詞和動(dòng)詞相互轉(zhuǎn)類)

　　tax type salary charge

　　packet figure fund protest

　　program view issue tend

　　本課簡(jiǎn)介

　　Taxes， Taxes， and More Taxes 介紹了美國(guó)三級(jí)政府(聯(lián)邦政府，州政府，市政府)征收的三種稅(income tax，sales tax，property tax and excise tax)。美國(guó)人對(duì)稅收的一致看法是：The taxes are too high. 這篇文章對(duì)我們了解美國(guó)社會(huì)很有幫助，值得一讀。

　　本課主要語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)

　　1. Americans often say that there are two things a person can be sure of in life： death and taxes.

　　句中的that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，例如：Everybody knows that the earth goes around the sun.(眾所周知，地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。)

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 他知道我不會(huì)責(zé)怪他。(He knew that I wouldn't blame him.)

　　2) 媽媽說(shuō)他必須在六點(diǎn)以前回來(lái)。(Mother said that he had to be back before 6：00.)

　　3) 我想天氣很快會(huì)放晴。(I think that it is going to clear up soon.)

　　4) 我相信他對(duì)我說(shuō)了實(shí)話。(I believe that he told me the truth.)

　　句中的a person can be sure of …是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾two things， 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞that被省去了。例如：Have you found the book you want?(你找到你要的書(shū)了嗎?)

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 他找到了他丟失的那塊表。(He found the watch he had lost.)

　　2) 這兒有很多我感興趣的書(shū)。(There are many books I am interested in.)

　　Unit2(第4講―第6講)

　　be sure of的意思是“對(duì)……確信無(wú)疑”，例如：

　　─ Is he going to call us at 9：00? (他會(huì)在九點(diǎn)給我們打電話嗎?)

　　─ Yes， I am sure of it. (是的，我肯定。)

　　翻譯下面的句子，掌握sure的用法：

　　1) I am sure of his sincerity. (我確信他的誠(chéng)意。)

　　2) You are sure of a warm welcome.(你肯定會(huì)受到熱烈的歡迎。)

　　3) I don't know for sure whether he will come or not.(我不很確切地知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。)

　　4) Make sure that you turn off the light when you leave.(確保在你離開(kāi)時(shí)把燈關(guān)掉。)

　　5) Be sure not to forget what your parents said to you.(千萬(wàn)別忘了父母對(duì)你說(shuō)的話。)

　　2. Americans don't have a corner on the “death” market， but many people feel that the United States leads the world with the worst taxes.

　　have a corner的意思是“壟斷”，例如：have a corner on the cotton market (壟斷棉花市場(chǎng));have a corner on the black vote(壟斷黑人選票)。有時(shí)也會(huì)見(jiàn)到以in 代替on的用法：have a corner in banking

　　lead在句中的意思是“走在…前列”，“在……領(lǐng)先”，“勝過(guò)”。

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) He leads his class in English.(他在班上英語(yǔ)學(xué)的最好。)

　　2) He led the broad jump with a leap of 26 feet.(他以26 英尺的成績(jī)?cè)谔h(yuǎn)中領(lǐng)先。)

　　3) Pollution still leads the list of major problems in that country.(污染仍然是那個(gè)國(guó)家的頭號(hào)嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題。)

　　3. Taxes consist of money which people pay to support their government.

　　句中which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾the money.

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) This is the book that I just borrowed from the library.(這是我剛剛從圖書(shū)館借的書(shū)。)

　　2) He put the money that his mother gave him in a safe place.(他把媽媽給他的錢(qián)放在一個(gè)安全的地方。)

　　3) I don't remember where I put the CD that I bought yesterday. (我記不得把昨天買(mǎi)的CD放在哪兒了。)

　　consist of的意思是“由……構(gòu)成”，它與 make up of ， compose of 的區(qū)別在于：consist of不可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而make up of和 compose of 可以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：

　　1) The house consists of 6 rooms.

　　2) The medical team is made up of three doctors and a nurse.

　　3) The book is composed of 25 units.

　　4. Salaried people who earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government.

　　句中who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾 people.

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) The girl who helped me with my English is our monitor.(幫助我學(xué)外語(yǔ)的那個(gè)女孩是我們班長(zhǎng)。)

　　2) The man who knocked at the door just now is my next-door neighbor.(剛才敲門(mén)的那個(gè)人是我的隔壁鄰居。)

　　3) The boy who was shot to death by his classmate was only 8.(被同學(xué)開(kāi)槍打死的那個(gè)男孩才八歲。)

　　在單詞部分我們已經(jīng)對(duì)percentage和percent的區(qū)別有所了解，現(xiàn)在我們?cè)賮?lái)翻譯幾個(gè)句子：

　　1) 稅率從百分之十四到百分之七十不等。(The percentage of the tax varies from 14% to 70%.)

　　2) 學(xué)生的及格率達(dá)到了百分之九十五。(The percentage of students who passed the exam reached 95%.)

　　3) 工業(yè)產(chǎn)量上漲了百分之十四。(The industrial output increased by 14%.)

　　5. It depends on their salaries.

　　depend on在句中的意思是“視……而定”。除此以外，還可表示“依靠”：“信賴”等。

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 成功與否得看你的能力和努力。(Success depends on your ability and efforts.)

　　2) Whether we can go outing depends on tomorrow's weather. (我們能否去郊游取決于明天的天氣。)

　　3) The old man depends on the government pension for a living.(那位老人靠政府的養(yǎng)老金生活。)

　　4) 他總是依賴姐姐給他做作業(yè)。(He always depends on his sister to do his homework.)

　　5) He is not to be depended on.(他不可信賴。)

　　6. With the high cost of taxes， people are not very happy on April 15， when the federal taxes are due.

　　介詞with在句中的意思是“由于，因?yàn)椤?。例如：With their support， we fulfilled our task ahead of time.(由于他們的幫助，我們提前完成了任務(wù)。)

　　如果僅僅有月份，沒(méi)有具體的日期，月份前用介詞in ，如果有具體的日期則用介詞on ，例如：1) He was born in May.　2) He was born on May 23.

　　句中due的意思是“到期”，例如：The books are due， I have to return them to the library. (書(shū)到期了，我得去圖書(shū)館還書(shū)。)

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子，注意due在不同語(yǔ)境下的其他意思：

　　1) The train is due to arrive at 8：00.(火車定于八點(diǎn)鐘到達(dá)。)

　　2) The baby is due in the middle of October.(嬰兒的預(yù)產(chǎn)期為十月中旬。)

　　3) Due attention should be paid to this work.(應(yīng)該給這項(xiàng)工作以適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)注。)

　　4) Old people expect to be treated with the respect due to their age.(老人們期望受到他們這個(gè)年齡的人應(yīng)得的尊敬。)

　　5) His death was due to heart attack.(他的死是由心臟病引起的。)

　　7. Some states have an income tax similar to that of the federal government.

　　句中的that用來(lái)代替the加前述名詞tax，以免重復(fù)。

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 南京的天氣比青島的天氣熱。(The weather of Nanjing is hotter than that of Qingdao.)

　　2) 黃金的價(jià)格比白銀的價(jià)格要高。(The price of gold is higher than that of silver.)

　　8. Other states have a sales tax， which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state.

　　句中前一個(gè)which 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾sales tax.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句通常在句中起進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明作用，既可修飾先行詞也可修飾整個(gè)句子。如果省去，原句意義不受影響。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句有逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi);關(guān)系代詞不可用that，而用who， whom， whose來(lái)修飾人，用which來(lái)修飾物，并且不能省略。

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) The sun warms the earth， which makes it possible for plants and animals to live.(太陽(yáng)溫暖了大地，這才使動(dòng)植物有可能生長(zhǎng)。)

　　2) He failed the exam， which made him very disappointed.(他考試沒(méi)及格，這使他非常失望。)

　　3) He has a son， who is doing his PH.D in the United States.(他有一個(gè)兒子，在美國(guó)讀博士學(xué)位。)

　　句中后一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)限定性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾any item.但是傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法中通常有這樣的規(guī)定：當(dāng)先行詞是all，everything，something，nothing等不定代詞，或被first，only，few，much，some，any，no以及形容詞最高級(jí)等詞修飾時(shí)，應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞that，不用which.例如：I am interested in all that you told me.

　　9. The cities use these funds for education， police and fire department， public works and municipal buildings.

　　work 用作單數(shù)時(shí)，通常指工作，例如：I have a lot of work to do this afternoon.

　　用作復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，works則指　1)著作：The Complete Works of Mao Zetong(《毛澤東全集》)　2)工程：public works(公共建筑工程，市政工程)

　　10. They say that it spends too much on useless and impractical programs.

　　spend too much (money) on sth的意思是“把太多的錢(qián)花在……”，例如：He would spend some money on books every month……(他每個(gè)月都花一些錢(qián)買(mǎi)書(shū)。)

　　我們常常會(huì)碰到的另一個(gè)詞組spend some time (in) doing sth.的意思是“花時(shí)間做某事”，例如：He spent a lot of time doing the experiment.(他花了很多時(shí)間做實(shí)驗(yàn)。)

　　在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，我們還要注意pay，cost和spend在用法上的區(qū)別。請(qǐng)注意下面的句子：

　　1) Tom paid 20 dollars for that T-shirt.

　　2) The T-shirt cost Tom 20 dollars.

　　3) Tom spent 20 dollars on that T-shirt.

　　請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：

　　1) 我借給他的那本新字典花了我三十多塊錢(qián)。(The dictionary I lent him cost me more than 30 yuan.)

　　2) 把這輛自行車修一修要花很多錢(qián)嗎?(Does it cost much to get this bike repaired?)

　　3) 在過(guò)去的幾年中，這家工廠花了很多錢(qián)改善工作條件。(In the past few years， the factory has spent a lot of money improving the working conditions.)

　　4) 她不喜歡把錢(qián)花在華而不實(shí)的服裝上。(She doesn't like to spend money on fancy clothes.)

　　5) 買(mǎi)這部手機(jī)你花了多少錢(qián)?(How much money did you pay for this self-phone?)

　　6) 她花了一百多塊錢(qián)買(mǎi)那雙鞋。(She paid more than a hundred for that pair of shoes.)

　　本課主要詞組

　　1. be sure of 2. have a corner

　　3. consist of 4. vary from

　　5. depend on 6. a packet of

　　7. in addition to 8. complain about

　　9. in the wrong way 10. spend…on

　　11. tend to 12. agree on

　　本課主要句型

　　A. 賓語(yǔ)從句：

　　1) Americans often say that there are only two things a person can be sure of.

　　2) …but many people feel that the United States lead the world with the worst taxes.

　　3) …they often feel that they are working one day each week just to pay their taxes.

　　4) They often protest that the government uses their tax dollars in the wrong way.

　　5) They say that it spends too much on useless and practical programs.

　　B. 定語(yǔ)從句：

　　1) Taxes consist of money which people pay to support their government.

　　2) Salaried people who earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government.

　　3) Other states have a sales tax， which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state.

　　4) …people who own a home have to pay taxes on it…

　　5) …and excise tax， which is charged on cars in a city.

　　美國(guó)五十個(gè)州

　　A. The New England States (6)

　　1. Maine (緬因) 2. New Hampshire*(新罕布什爾)

　　3. Vermont(佛蒙特) 4. Massachusetts*(馬薩諸塞)

　　5. Connecticut*(康涅狄格) 6. Rhode Island*(羅得島)

　　B. The Middle Atlantic States (7)

　　7. New York*(紐約) 8. Pennsylvania*(賓夕法尼亞)

　　9. New Jersey*(新澤西) 10. Delaware*(特拉華)

　　11. Maryland* (馬里蘭) 12. Virginia*(弗吉尼亞)

　　13. West Virginia(西弗吉尼亞)

　　C. The Southern Atlantic States (11)

　　14. North Carolina* (北卡羅來(lái)納) 15. South Carolina*(南卡羅來(lái)納)

　　16. Georgia*(佐治亞) 17. Florida(佛羅里達(dá))

　　18. Alabama(亞拉巴馬) 19. Mississippi(密西西比)

　　20. Tennessee (田納西) 21. Louisiana(路易斯安那)

　　22. Arkansas(阿肯色) 23. Texas(得克薩斯)

　　24. Oklahoma(俄克拉何馬)

　　D. The Central States (13)

　　25. Wisconsin (威斯康星) 26. Illinois(伊利諾斯)

　　27. Kentucky(肯塔基) 28. Indiana(印第安那)

　　29. Ohio(俄亥俄) 30. Michigan(密執(zhí)安)

　　31. Minnesota(明尼蘇達(dá)) 32. Iowa(衣阿華)

　　33. Missouri(密蘇里) 34. North Dakota(北達(dá)科他)

　　35. South Dakota(南達(dá)科他) 36. Nebraska(內(nèi)布拉斯加)

　　37. Kansas(堪薩斯)

　　E. The Western States (13)

　　38. Washington(華盛頓) 39. Oregon(俄勒岡)

　　40. California(加利福尼亞) 41. Montana(蒙大拿)

　　42. Idaho(愛(ài)達(dá)荷) 43. Nevada(內(nèi)華達(dá))

　　44. Utah(猶他) 45. Arizona(亞歷桑那)

　　46. Wyoming(懷俄明) 47. Colorado(科羅拉多)

　　48. New Mexico(新墨西哥) 49. Alaska(阿拉斯加)

　　50. Hawaii(夏威夷)

　　(注：有*者曾為英國(guó)在北美的十三個(gè)殖民地，也是美國(guó)最早的十三個(gè)州。)

　　Text B Advertising

　　短語(yǔ)表達(dá)

　　1. attract attention　吸引注意

　　He talked loudly to attract attention.(他大聲說(shuō)話以吸引注意。)

　　2. for the most part　在很大程度上，多半

　　These cars， for the most part， are made in China.(這些汽車多半產(chǎn)于中國(guó)。)

　　3. persuade sb. to do sth.　勸某人做某事

　　be persuaded to do sth.　被勸說(shuō)做某事

　　The doctor persuaded my father to give up smoking.(醫(yī)生勸我父親戒煙。)

　　The young man was persuaded to take up that job.(那個(gè)年輕人被勸說(shuō)接受那份工作。)

　　4. a large amount of　一大筆

　　He borrowed a large amount of money from the bank.(他向銀行借了一大筆錢(qián)。)

　　5. put out　發(fā)布，公布;出版;廣播

　　The article was put out in a national magazine to reach a larger audience.(為了能影響更多的讀者，文章被登發(fā)在一份國(guó)家級(jí)雜志上。)

　　This newspaper is put out every day.(這份報(bào)紙每天出版。)

　　The weather forecast has just put out a storm.(天氣預(yù)報(bào)剛剛發(fā)出了暴風(fēng)警報(bào)。)

　　6. be characteristic of　為…所特有，是…的特征

　　Rainy days are characteristic of March.(多雨的日子為三月所特有。)

　　7. catch the eye　引人注目

　　The beautiful blue dress in the window caught her eye when she passed the store.(她經(jīng)過(guò)那家商店時(shí)，櫥窗里漂亮的蘭色連衣裙吸引了她。)

　　8. identify with　與一致;認(rèn)為…等同于;跟…發(fā)生共鳴，同情;(無(wú)意識(shí)地)仿效

　　His idea identifies with mine.(他的觀點(diǎn)和我的觀點(diǎn)相同。)

　　Never identify personal opinions with facts.(切莫把個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)與事實(shí)等同起來(lái)。)

　　All the money came from those who identified with him.(所有的錢(qián)都來(lái)自于那些同情他的人。)

　　Children usually identify themselves with their parents.(孩子往往會(huì)仿效自己的父母。)

　　9. carry over　繼續(xù)下去，遺留下來(lái)

　　The report was carried over to the next page.(報(bào)告轉(zhuǎn)入。)

　　His habit carries over from his childhood. (他的習(xí)慣從小保留至今。)

　　10. as well as　和，也

　　Women， as well as men， have the right to work.(婦女和男人一樣有工作的權(quán)利。)

　　11. over and over again　反復(fù)

　　He mentioned the incident over and over again， which really bored me to death.(他反復(fù)提及那件事，真把我煩死了。)

　　12. put up with　忍受

　　Both water pollution and air pollution are becoming more and more serious but we have to put up with them at the moment.(水污染和空氣污染都在變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重，但是我們暫時(shí)只好忍著。)

　　13. be responsible for　為…負(fù)責(zé)

　　It is not yet clear who should be responsible for the accident.(誰(shuí)該對(duì)這起事故負(fù)責(zé)現(xiàn)在還不清楚。)

　　14. decide on　決定，選定

　　They decided on their plan of action after hours of discussion.(經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)小時(shí)的討論，他們決定了行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。)

　　15. be involved in　參與，介入

　　He quitted his job as he no longer wanted to be involved in politics.(他不想再介入政治便辭去了工作。)

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