自考英語復習資料：動詞不定式用法詳解
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1.概念
不定式是動詞的一種非謂語形式，是由不定式記號to加動詞原形構成的。不定式具有動詞的特征，即及物動詞可帶賓語，可被狀語修飾，也可有語態(tài)的變化。轉自環(huán) 球 網 校edu24ol.com
當動詞的不定式與另一個動詞連用時，不定式通常要帶to.
I want to go to the station. 我想去車站。
而在某些動詞后面(如can， shall， do， will， may， need) to要省略，如：
You may do the work. 你可以做這項工作。
2.用法
動詞不定式在句子中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語及不定式復合結構。
(1)不定式作主語
不定式主語+謂語+其他成分
To have a firm self-confidence is a first step toward a succesful negotiation. 有了堅定的自信是走向談判成功的第一步。
有的情況下，可用it作形式主語來代替不定式做主語轉自環(huán) 球 網 校edu24ol.com
It+謂語+不定式主語+其他成分
It is risky to build too many hopes upon his promise. 對他的承諾寄以太大的希望是危險的。
It is impossible to get him to understand what I mean. 不可能讓他懂得我的意思。
(2)不定式作賓語
The majority of our members consented to raise the dues. 大多數(shù)會員同意增加會費。
The supermarkets owner planned to postpone the grand opening until Saturday. 自選商場所有者計劃把大減價持續(xù)到星期六。
The analysis seeks to identify the strengths， weaknesses， opportunities and threats. 本分析在于證實力量、弱點、機遇和風險。
(3)不定式作表語
His job was to examine cars to make sure that they were not smuggling anything into the country. 他的工作是檢查汽車，確保不使任何物品走私入境。
The manager seems to be losing his grip on the business. 經理似乎正在失去對企業(yè)的控制。
A major function of accounting is to provide periodic reports to manager and owners outsiders. 會計的一項主要職能是向管理人員和所有者提供定期報告。
The house is to be sold by auction. 這幢房子將被拍賣。
The first is to evaluate the adequacy of the predetermined. 首要任務是評價預料的準確性。
(4)不定式作定語
We must think of ways to combat the rising prices. 我們應該想辦法克服物價上漲。
As a teacher， I have the ability to suggest books， to point out a pathway. 作為一個教師，我有能力推薦書籍，指點迷津。
The shopkeeper offered me a credit note to be used to buy goods in his shop. 商店老板給了我一個信用證，用來在他的店里購貨。
(5)不定式作狀語
In order to improve business， the store owner decreased his prices. 店主降低價格以便使營業(yè)好轉。
To be perfectly flank， I do not see what she has to be vain about. 坦率地說，我看不出她有什么值得驕傲之處。
To illustrate how the heart sends blood around the body， the doctor described how a pump works. 為了說明心臟如何把血液輸送到全身，醫(yī)生描繪了泵的工作。
We were fortunate to have had him at our company. 聘請他在我們公司工作是我們公司的幸運。
You must be aggressive to be a door-to-door salesman. 想當好推銷員必須有闖勁。
(6)不定式復合結構
The valve opened for air to enter. 打開閥門以便進氣。
There is a lot of work for us to do. 我們有許多工作要做。
There are a lot of problems for the manager to cope with. 經理有許多問題要處理。
She brought the balance sheet for the manager to sign. 她拿來資產負債表讓經理簽字。
He brought the ledger for me to check. 他把總賬拿來讓我查賬。
It's too late for us to start. 太晚了，我們不好動身。
I brought something for you to look at. 我?guī)頄|西給你看。
Here's a pen for you to sign the contract with. 給你這支筆來簽合同。
(7)帶疑問詞的不定式
疑問代詞who，what，which和疑問副詞when，why，how，where的后面可以接不定式，構成一個名詞性短語，可在句中作主語、表語、賓語或定語。
① What to do next will be discussed at today's meeting. 下一步該怎么做將在今天會上討論。
② The question is how to fulfil our production plan as soon as possible. 問題是如何盡早完成生產計劃。
③ It is not decided yet whether to go there or not. 是否去那兒尚未決定。
④ The question is how to send the goods. 問題是如何把貨物運去。
?、?You had better find out where to change your money. 你最好找一下?lián)Q錢的地方。
?、?He will tell you which way to go. 他會告訴你走哪條路。
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