2018年成考高起點(diǎn)《英語(yǔ)》語(yǔ)法歸納（六）

冠 詞

形容詞和副詞(二)

形容詞與副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的基本用法

一、原級(jí)比較的基本用法

1. 原級(jí)比較由“as+形容詞或副詞(或再加名詞或短語(yǔ))+as ”構(gòu)成“原級(jí)相同”比較句，表示兩者比較;其否定式，即“程度不及”比較句型為“not so(as) +形容詞或副詞+as”，而且as…as結(jié)構(gòu)前可用just， almost， nearly， quite等表示程度的詞修飾

2. “as (so)+名詞+as+名詞”進(jìn)行名詞比較，這時(shí)一般情況下有一個(gè)表示原級(jí)的比較詞，但如果第一名詞前出現(xiàn)了形容詞修飾該詞或出現(xiàn)副詞修飾謂語(yǔ)，應(yīng)當(dāng)用so而不用as

二、比較級(jí)

1. 比較級(jí)由“形容詞(副詞)比較級(jí)+than+…，”構(gòu)成表示在兩者中間一方比另一方“更加…”。連詞than后可接句子，也可接名詞、代詞、名詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、?ING結(jié)構(gòu)和?ED結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)也可省去than.

2. 注意than前后兩項(xiàng)相比較的人或事物要一致

三、最高級(jí)

1. 最高級(jí)用于三者以上比較，形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是“定冠詞+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞+表示范圍的短語(yǔ)或從句”(如all， of all， of the tree， in the world， that has ever taken place等)

2. 副詞的最高級(jí)與形容詞最高級(jí)的區(qū)別在于最高級(jí)前沒(méi)有定冠詞the

四、同步練習(xí)

1) Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as .

[A] to run for fifteen minutes

[B] running for fifteen minutes

[C] you run for fifteen minutes

[D] fifteen?minute walking

解析：B為正確答案。

2) The gorilla(大猩猩)， while [A] not quite as curious than [B] the chimpanzee(黑猩猩)， shows more persistence [C] and memory retention(記憶力) in solving [D] a problem.

解析：B錯(cuò)。改為 as ，和前面的as和形容詞原形curious 一起構(gòu)成同程度比較。

3) Alaska is twice [A] as larger [B] as [C] the next largest [D] state， Texas.

解析：B錯(cuò)。 改為as large.

4) Thomas Jefferson's achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician.

[A] such [B] more [C] as [D] than

解析：C對(duì)。動(dòng)詞rival(勝過(guò)、匹敵)前后是兩個(gè)相比較的成分achievements(成果)和 contributions(貢獻(xiàn))，由于前面的名詞后出現(xiàn)了短語(yǔ) as an architect，故空白處也應(yīng)用as，使前后對(duì)比成分一致。

5) I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter.

[A] that [B] so [C] this [D] as

解析：B為正確答案。

6) Natural mica(云母) of [A] a superior [B] quality is cheapest [C] to obtain than synthetic [D] mica.

解析：C錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改為比較級(jí)cheaper.比較級(jí)后并不一定跟接連詞than，有時(shí)在其間有名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)(被形容詞所修飾)，介詞短語(yǔ)，不定式或其他成分隔開(kāi)。

7) She is older than .

[A] any other girl in the group [B] any girl in the group

[C] all girls in the group [D] you and me as well as the group

解析：A為正確答案。“She”作為單個(gè)不能跟全組比(C和D不對(duì))，也不能跟全組所有相比，因?yàn)?ldquo;她”也是其中一員，自然“她”不能跟自己相比。這里“She”比較的是“這組中的任何一個(gè)”，所以A對(duì)。

8) Josephine McCrackin joined [A] the “Santa Cruz Sentinel” in 1905 and， until her death fifteen years late [B] ， remained [C] active in journalistic [D] work.

解析：B錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改為比較級(jí)later，因此處實(shí)為與1905年相比晚15年，故應(yīng)使用比較級(jí)。

9) The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than .

[A] ours [B] with us [C] for ours it had [D] it did for us

解析：D為正確答案。

10) Sound travels air.

[A] faster through water than through [B] faster than through water and

[C] through water faster and[D] where it is faster through water than through

解析：A為正確答案。

11) Gerbrand von den Feckhout， one of Rembrand's pupils， followed [A] the style of his teacher so implicitly that [B] his paintings [C] are sometimes confused with his master [D] .

解析：D錯(cuò)。 改為his master's.

12) The more [A] fearsome of all the [B] animals in [C] the Western [D] Hemisphere is the grizzly bear.

解析：A錯(cuò)。 改為most.

13) Of all economic [A] problems， inflation continues to be [B] a [C] most significant in its daily impact on [D] people and business.

解析：C錯(cuò)。改為the， significant是多音節(jié)形容詞，在此處應(yīng)用最高級(jí)形式(在前面加 the most)，注意句中的“of all… ”。

14) ，the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction.

[A] All the activities [B] The activities

[C] Of all the activities [D] It is the activities

解析：C為正確答案。本句空白處缺狀語(yǔ)，A和B全為名詞短語(yǔ)，不符合條件;D為句子，和空白后面的句子沒(méi)有任何聯(lián)系，故亦應(yīng)排除。只有C正確，和后面的最高級(jí)the most familiar前后呼應(yīng)。